clusterとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English cluster, from 古期英語 cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klus-, *klas- (“to clump, lump together”) + Proto-Germanic *-þrą (instrumental suffix), related to Low German Kluuster (“cluster”), dialectal Dutch klister (“cluster”), Swedish kluster (“cluster”), Icelandic klasi (“cluster; bunch of grapes”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈklʌstə/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈklʌstɚ/
• 韻: -ʌstə(ɹ)

名詞

cluster (複数形 clusters)

1. A group or bunch of several discrete items that are close to each other.

   a cluster of islands

   • 1595, Edmund Spenser, Colin Clouts Come Home Againe

     Her deeds were like great clusters of ripe grapes, / Which load the bunches of the fruitful vine.

   • 1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 7, in The Dust of Conflict:

     Then there was no more cover, for they straggled out, not in ranks but clusters, from among orange trees and tall, flowering shrubs […] ,

   • 2011 December 29, Keith Jackson, “SPL: Celtic 1 Rangers 0”, in Daily Record:

     Charlie Mulgrew’s delicious deadball delivery was attacked by a cluster of green and white shirts at McGregor’s back post but Ledley got up higher and with more purpose than anyone else to thump a header home from five yards.

   • 2013 May-June, William E. Conner, “An Acoustic Arms Race”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 206-7:

     Earless ghost swift moths become “invisible” to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them.

   A cluster of flowers grew in the pot.

   A leukemia cluster has developed in the town.

2. A number of individuals grouped together or collected in one place; a crowd; a mob.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book 1”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:

     As Bees […] / Poure forth their populous youth about the Hive / In clusters.

     c. 1608–1609, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene vi]:

     We loved him; but, like beasts / And cowardly nobles, gave way unto your clusters, / Who did hoot him out o' the city.

3. (astronomy) A group of galaxies or stars that appear near each other.

   The Pleiades cluster contains seven bright stars.

   • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, OCLC 246633669, PC, scene: Citadel:

     My fellow biotic: You have been selected to receive this transmission because of our shared plight. Few understand us, fewer tolerate us. We must stand together. We must build our own new world. Come. Join us in the Hawking Eta cluster. Only as one body can we right the wrongs done to our kind.

4. (linguistics, education) A sequence of two or more words that occur in language with high frequency but are not idiomatic; a chunk, bundle, or lexical bundle.

   examples of clusters would include "in accordance with", "the results of" and "so far"

5. (music) A secundal chord of three or more notes.
6. (phonetics) A group of consonants.

   The word "scrub" begins with a cluster of three consonants.

7. (computing) A group of computers that work together.
8. (computing) A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors (see block).
9. (statistics, cluster analysis) A subset of a population whose members are sufficiently similar to each other and distinct from others as to be considered a distinct group; such a grouping in a set of observed data that is statistically significant.
10. (military) A set of bombs or mines released as part of the same blast.
11. (army) A small metal design that indicates that a medal has been awarded to the same person before.
12. (slang, euphemistic) A clusterfuck.
13. (chemistry) An ensemble of bound atoms or molecules, intermediate in size between a molecule and a bulk solid.

派生語

派生した語

動詞

cluster (三人称単数 現在形 clusters, 現在分詞 clustering, 過去形および過去分詞形 clustered)

1. (intransitive) To form a cluster or group.

   The children clustered around the puppy.

   • 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “Œnone”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 3944791, page 54:

     [H]is sunny hair / Clustered about his temples like a God's: […]

   • 1563 March 30​, John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of These Latter and Perillous Dayes, […], London: […] Iohn Day, […], OCLC 64451939:

     the princes of the country […] clustering together

   • 1997, Lynn Keller, Forms of Expansion: Recent Long Poems by Women, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, chapter 6, 281:

     On the page, “Me” is irregular but—except for a prominent drawing of a two-toned hieroglyphic eye—not radically unusual: the lines are consistently left-justified; their length varies from one to a dozen syllables; they cluster in stanzalike units anywhere from one to six lines long that are separated by consistent spaces.

2. (transitive) To collect into clusters.
3. (transitive) To cover with clusters.

派生語

アナグラム

• culters, curlest, custrel, cutlers, relucts