shoalとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English schold, scholde, from 古期英語 sċeald (“shallow”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *skalidaz, past participle of *skaljaną (“to go dry, dry up, become shallow”), from *skalaz (“parched, shallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelh₁- (“to dry out”). Cognate with Low German Scholl (“shallow water”), German schal (“stale, flat, vapid”). Compare shallow.

別の表記

• sheld (dialectal)
• shole, shoald, shold (dialectal)
• shaul, shawl, shauld, schald, shaud, shawd (Scotland)

形容詞

shoal (comparative shoaler, superlative shoalest)

1. (now rare) Shallow.

   shoal water

   • 1819, Lord Byron, Don Juan, III.19:

     But that part of the coast being shoal and bare, / And rough with reefs which ran out many a mile, / His port lay on the other side o' the isle.

名詞

shoal (複数形 shoals)

1. A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

   • 1697, Virgil, “Aeneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432:

     The god himself with ready trident stands, / And opes the deep, and spreads the moving sands, / Then heaves them off the shoals.

2. A shallow in a body of water.
   • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], published 1708, OCLC 13320837:

     The depth of your pond should be six feet; and on the sides some shoals for the fish to sun themselves in and to lay their spawn.

   • 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, / And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour.

同意語

• (sandbank): sandbar, sandbank

動詞

shoal (三人称単数 現在形 shoals, 現在分詞 shoaling, 過去形および過去分詞形 shoaled)

1. To arrive at a shallow (または less deep) area.
2. (transitive) To cause a shallowing; to come to a more shallow part of.
   • 1859, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany the Wind and Current Charts

     Noting the rate at which she shoals her water - […]

3. To become shallow.

   The colour of the water shows where it shoals.

語源 2

1570, presumably from Middle English *schole (“school of fish”), from 古期英語 sċeolu, sċolu (“troop または band of people, host, multitude, division of army, school of fish”), from Proto-West Germanic *skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulō (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to divide, split, separate”).

Cognate with West Frisian skoal (“shoal”), Middle Low German schōle (“multitude, troop”), Dutch school (“shoal of fishes”). Doublet of school.

名詞

shoal (複数形 shoals)

1. Any large number of persons or things.
   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Vicissitude of Things”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, OCLC 863521290:

     great shoals of people

2. (collective) A large number of fish (または other sea creatures) of the same species swimming together.
   • c. 1661, Edmund Waller, On St. James's Park

     Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides.

   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:

     He came directly from the shoal which we had just before entered, and in which we had struck three of his companions, as if fired with revenge for their sufferings.

同意語

• (fish): school

動詞

shoal (三人称単数 現在形 shoals, 現在分詞 shoaling, 過去形および過去分詞形 shoaled)

1. To collect in a shoal; to throng.

   The fish shoaled about the place.

アナグラム

• HALOs, LOHAS, Sohal, halos, shola, solah