bayとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English baye, baie, from 古期英語 beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

名詞

bay (複数形 bays)

1. (obsolete) A berry.
2. Laurus nobilis, a tree or shrub of the family Lauraceae, having dark green leaves and berries.
3. Bay leaf, the leaf of this or certain other species of tree or shrub, used as a herb.
4. (in the plural, now rare) The leaves of this shrub, woven into a garland used to reward a champion or victor; hence, fame, victory.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     both you here with many a cursed oth, / Sweare she is yours, and stirre vp bloudie frayes, / To win a willow bough, whilest other weares the bayes.

   • 1771, John Trumbull, On the Vanity of Youthful Expectations:

     The patriot's honours and the poet's bays.

5. (US, dialect) A tract covered with bay trees.
6. A kind of mahogany obtained from Campeche in Mexico.

同意語

• (Laurus nobilis): bay laurel, Grecian laurel, laurel, sweet bay, true laurel, bay tree
• (Garland symbolic of fame, victor): laurels

派生語

語源 2

From French baie, from Late Latin baia, probably ultimately from Iberian or Basque badia. Displaced native 古期英語 byht.

名詞

bay (複数形 bays)

2. (geography) A body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

3. A bank or dam to keep back water.

同意語

• (body of water): gulf

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English, from Old French baee, beee, from the verb beer (“gape open”), from Early Medieval Latin batāre. Compare Modern French baie. More at bevel, badinage.

名詞

bay (複数形 bays)

2. An opening in a wall, especially between two columns.
3. An internal recess; a compartment or area surrounded on three sides.
   • 2012, BioWare, Mass Effect 3 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

     Wrex: And Shepard--I like what you've done with the Normandy. Got tired of always hanging around the cargo bay before.

   • 2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

     A “moving platform” scheme […] is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails. Local trains would use side-by-side rails to roll alongside intercity trains and allow passengers to switch trains by stepping through docking bays.

4. The distance between two supports in a vault or building with a pitched roof.
5. (nautical) Each of the spaces, port and starboard, between decks, forward of the bitts, in sailing warships.
6. (rail transport) A bay platform.
   • 1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 149:

     There is a short bay at the west end of each platform, but neither is used for passenger trains.

7. A bay window.

派生語

語源 4

From Old French bay, combined with aphetized form of abay; verbal form of baier, abaier.

名詞

bay (複数形 bays)

1. The excited howling of dogs when hunting or being attacked.
   • c. 1588–1593, William Shakespeare, Titus Andronicus, act 2, scene 2, lines 1–6:

     The hunt is up, the morn is bright and grey, / The fields are fragrant, and the woods are green. / Uncouple here, and let us make a bay / And wake the Emperor and his lovely bride, / And rouse the Prince, and ring a hunter's peal, / That all the court may echo with the noise.

2. (by extension) The climactic confrontation between hunting-dogs and their prey.
3. (figurative) A state of being obliged to face an antagonist or a difficulty, when escape has become impossible.
   • 1697, Virgil, “(please specify the book number)”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     Embolden'd by despair, he stood at bay.

   • 1832, [Isaac Taylor], Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC:

     The most terrible evils are just kept at bay by incessant efforts.

派生語

• at bay

動詞

bay (三人称単数 現在形 bays, 現在分詞 baying, 過去形および過去分詞形 bayed)

1. (intransitive) To howl.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Theodore and Honoria, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     The hounds at nearer distance hoarsely bay'd.

2. (transitive) To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay.

   to bay the bear

   • a. 1611, William Shakespeare, Cymbeline, act 5, scene 5, lines 222–223:

     Spit, and throw stones, cast mire upon me, set / The dogs o'th' street to bay me

3. (transitive) To pursue noisily, like a pack of hounds.

派生語

語源 5

From Middle English bay, bai, from Old French bai, from Latin badius (“reddish brown, chestnut”).

形容詞

bay (comparative bayer または more bay, superlative bayest または most bay)

1. Of a reddish-brown colour (especially of horses).

派生語

• bay bolete
• bay cat
• Bay Horse
• bay lynx
• bay-breasted

名詞

bay (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 bays)

1. A brown colour/color of the coat of some horses.

   bay:  

2. A horse of this color.
   • 1877, George Nevile, Horses and Riding, page 105:

     […] browns are the soberest, bays are the worst tempered, and chestnuts are the most foolish.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:bay.

参考

• bay antler
• bay-beh
• abeyance
• badinage
• baize
• daphne
• voe
• Wikipedia article on bays in geography
• Appendix:Colors
• Wikipedia article on bay, the horse colour/color

アナグラム

• Aby, YBA, aby