colorとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• colour (Commonwealth, Ireland) (see the usage notes below)

語源

From Middle English colour, color, borrowed from Anglo-Norman colur, from Old French colour, color, from Latin color, from Old Latin colos (“covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal”). Akin to Latin cēlō (“I hide, conceal”), 古期英語 helan ("to conceal, cover, hide"; see hele). Displaced Middle English blee (“color”), from 古期英語 blēo. More at blee. Also partially replaced 古期英語 hīw (“color”) and its descendants, which is less often used in this sense. Compare also Dutch kleur (“color”), German Low German Klöör, Kleur, Kulöör, Kuleur (“color”), Danish kulør (“color”), Norwegian Bokmål kulør (“color”), Norwegian Nynorsk kulør (“color”), Swedish kulör (“color”), Old Norse kólorr (“color”), Volapük köl (“color”). Doublet of couleur.

In the US, the spelling color is used to match the spelling of the word's Latin etymon, and to make all derivatives consistent (colorimeter, coloration, colorize, colorless, etc). Elsewhere in the English-speaking world, the spelling colour has been retained.

発音

• (General American) enPR: kŭlʹər, IPA^(key): /ˈkʌl.ɚ/
  • (Received 発音) enPR: kŭlʹər, IPA^(key): /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/
  • 韻: -ʌlə(ɹ)

  Homophone: culler

名詞

color (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 colors) (米国用法 spelling)

1. (uncountable) The spectral composition of visible light

   Humans and birds can perceive color.

   Synonym: blee

2. A subset thereof:
   1. (countable) A particular set of visible spectral compositions, perceived or named as a class.

      Most languages have names for the colors black, white, red, and green.

      Synonyms: blee, hue

      • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 5, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

        Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.

   2. (uncountable) Hue as opposed to achromatic colors (black, white かつ grays).

      He referred to the white flag as one "drained of all color".

      Synonyms: hue, shade, blee

   3. These hues as used in color television or films, color photographs, etc (as opposed to the shades of grey used in black-and-white television).

      This film is broadcast in color.  Most people dream in color, but some dream in black and white.

      Synonym: color television

   4. (heraldry) Any of the standard dark tinctures used in a coat of arms, including azure, gules, sable, and vert.

      Coordinate term: metal

      Synonym: stain

3. A paint.

   The artist took out her colors and began work on a landscape.

4. (uncountable) Human skin tone, especially as an indicator of race or ethnicity.

   Color has been a sensitive issue in many societies.

   Synonyms: complexion, ethnicity, race

5. (medicine) Skin color, noted as normal, jaundiced, cyanotic, flush, mottled, pale, or ashen as part of the skin signs assessment.
6. A flushed appearance of blood in the face; redness of complexion.
   • 1864, Sir Henry Stewart Cunningham, Late Laurels (volumes 1-2, page 117)

     […] her very embarrassment wore a graceful air; her high colour had softened down to a warm, delicate tint; and her dress, which looked beautifully new and fresh, was in good taste, and showed her off to advantage.

7. (figuratively) Richness of expression; detail or flavour that is likely to generate interest or enjoyment.

   There is a great deal of colour in his writing.

   a bit of local color

   • 1914, Louis Joseph Vance, chapter I, in Nobody, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, published 1915, OCLC 40817384:

     Three chairs of the steamer type, all maimed, comprised the furniture of this roof-garden, with (by way of local colour) on one of the copings a row of four red clay flower-pots filled with sun-baked dust […].

   Could you give me some color with regards to which products made up the mix of revenue for this quarter?

8. A standard, flag, or insignia:
   1. (in the plural) A standard or banner.

      The loss of their colors destroyed the regiment's morale.

      Synonyms: banner, standard

   2. (in the plural) The flag of a nation or team.

      The colors were raised over the new territory.

   3. (in the plural) Gang insignia.

      Both of the perpetrators were wearing colors.

9. (in the plural) An award for sporting achievement, particularly within a school or university.

   He was awarded colors for his football.

10. (military, in the plural) The morning ceremony of raising the flag.
11. (physics) A property of quarks, with three values called red, green, and blue, which they can exchange by passing gluons.
12. (finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.
13. (typography) The relative lightness or darkness of a mass of written or printed text on a page. (See type color on Wikipedia..)
14. (snooker) Any of the colored balls excluding the reds.
15. A front or facade; an ostensible truth actually false; pretext.
    • 2011, David Baldacci, The Collectors

      At the far end of the continuum, Roger Seagraves collected personal items from people he'd murdered, or assassinated rather, since he'd done it under the color of serving his country.

16. An appearance of right or authority; color of law.

    Under color of law, he managed to bilk taxpayers of millions of dollars.

    • 1882, The Ohio Law Journal (volume 2, page 396)

      The only thing which this defendant is accused of doing is that he excluded this boy from the school, and he did it under the color of the statute relating to the subject, and did it because he was a colored boy.

使用する際の注意点

The late Anglo-Norman colour, which is the standard UK spelling, has been the usual spelling in Britain since the 14th century and was chosen by Dr. Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language (1755) along with other Anglo-Norman spellings such as favour, honour, etc. The Latin spelling color was occasionally used from the 15th century onward, mainly due to Latin influence; it was lemmatized by Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language (1828), along with favor, honor, etc., and is currently the standard US spelling.

In Canada, colour is preferred, but color is not unknown; in Australia, -our endings are the standard, although -or endings had some currency in the past and are still sporadically found in some regions. In New Zealand, -our endings are the standard.

同意語

• (measure of derivative price sensitivity): colour, DgammaDtime, gamma decay

上位語

• (measure of derivative price sensitivity): Greeks (includes list of coordinate terms)

下位語

派生語

形容詞

color (not comparable) (米国用法 spelling)

1. Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray.

   Color television and movies were considered a great improvement over black and white.

動詞

color (三人称単数 現在形 colors, 現在分詞 coloring, 過去形および過去分詞形 colored) (米国用法 spelling)

1. (transitive) To give something color.

   Synonyms: dye, paint, stain, shade, tinge, tint

   We could color the walls red.

   1. (transitive) To cause (a pipe, especially a meerschaum) to take on a brown or black color, by smoking.
2. (intransitive) To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.

   Synonym: color in

   My kindergartener loves to color.

3. (of a person または their face) To become red through increased blood flow.

   Synonym: blush

   Her face colored as she realized her mistake.

   She colored as she realized her mistake.

4. To affect without completely changing.

   Synonyms: affect, influence

   That interpretation certainly colors my perception of the book.

5. (informal) To attribute a quality to; to portray (as).

   Synonym: call

   Color me confused.

   They tried to colour the industrial unrest as a merely local matter.

6. (mathematics, graph theory) To assign colors to the vertices of a graph (または the regions of a map) so that no two vertices connected by an edge (regions sharing a border) have the same color.

   Can this graph be 2-colored?

   You can color any map with four colors.

反意語

• decolor

下位語

派生語

• colorate

関連する語

参考

• tincture

Further reading

• Color (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• Colors on Wikimedia Commons.

アナグラム

• corol, crool

Latin

別の表記

• colos (古風な用法)

語源

From Old Latin colos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈko.lor/, [ˈkɔ.ɫ̪ɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈko.lor/, [ˈkɔː.lɔr]

名詞

color m (genitive colōris); third declension

1. (UK) colour, shade; (US) color
2. pigment
3. complexion
4. outward appearance

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• colōrō
• homō nūllīus colōris

派生した語

参照

• color in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• color in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• color in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• color in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to depict a thing in lively colours: summo colore aliquid illustrare