rainbowとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English reinbowe, reinboȝe, from 古期英語 reġnboga (“rainbow”), from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô (“rainbow”), equivalent to rain +‎ bow (“arch”). Cognate with West Frisian reinbôge (“rainbow”), Dutch regenboog (“rainbow”), German Regenbogen (“rainbow”), Danish regnbue (“rainbow”), Swedish regnbåge (“rainbow”), Icelandic regnbogi (“rainbow”).

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/, /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/; enPR: rān'bō, rām'bō
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/

名詞

rainbow (複数形 rainbows)

2. A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.
   • 1979, Paul Williams, Kenneth Ascher (lyrics かつ music), “Rainbow Connection”, performed by Kermit the Frog (Jim Henson):

     Why are there so many songs about rainbows
     And what's on the other side?
     Rainbows are visions, but only illusions
     And rainbows have nothing to hide.

4. Any prismatic refraction of light showing a spectrum of colours.
5. (often used with “of”) A wide assortment; a varied multitude.

   a rainbow of possibilities

7. (figurative) An illusion; a mirage.

   Many electoral promises are rainbows, vanishing soon after poll day.

9. (baseball) A curveball, particularly a slow one.
11. (poker slang) In Texas hold 'em or Omaha hold 'em, a flop that contains three different suits.
12. Rainbow trout.
    • 1911, Francis R. Steel, “Catching the Rainbow Trout”, in The Outing Magazine, volume 58, page 482:

      Finally, by actual trial, I have found that I can catch more rainbow by using one fly than with a two or three-fly cast.

14. (figurative, sometimes derogatory) A person within the LGBT community.

    Oh look, the rainbow came back.

同意語

• (prismatic reflection): spectrum

下位語

• lunar rainbow
• marine rainbow

派生語

派生した語

• Sranan Tongo: alenbo

形容詞

rainbow (not comparable)

1. Multicolored.
2. (attributive, chiefly US) Made up of several races or ethnicities, or (more broadly) of several cultural or ideological factions.
   • 1994, John Simon, Of Dogs, Their Masters, and Others, in New York magazine, September 5 1994, page 51:

     That Asian-American actor Thomas Ikeda contributes a pleasingly frantic Panthino would not be considered rainbow enough.

   • 2006, Anthony Summers, Robbyn Swan, Sinatra: The Life, page 246:

     He went along with them because the Pack was a rainbow group — two Italian-Americans, a black man, a Jew (Bishop), and a sometime Englishman (Lawford) — and they were making a point.

   • 2007, Melissa Haussman, Birgit Sauer, Gendering the state in the age of globalization, page 67:

     The 1999 June elections led to a surprise change in the governing coalition from the long-term ruling Christian Democrats to a rainbow group of Greens, Liberals, and Socialists.

   • 2007, Hooson, in a Letter to the Western Mail, 19 June 2007, published in Crossing the Rubicon: coalition politics Welsh style by John Osmond, page 28:

     […] it seemed to me to be naive indeed for the Liberal Democrats to believe that they could simply enter into a rainbow alliance against the Labour Government.

   • 2008, Bidyut Chakrabarty, Indian politics and society since independence, page 76:

     Mayawati has succeeded in building a social coalition that inverts the pyramid of caste/class hierarchy by building a rainbow alliance of social groups, now dominated by that greatest underclass of all, namely Dalits.

3. (attributive) LGBT.
   • 2005, Alan McKee, The public sphere: an introduction, page 167:

     Similarly, the question of who belongs in such a rainbow alliance isn't set. It can include gay men, lesbians, bisexuals and transgender individuals. It can include people who are 'questioning' which culture they belong to [...]

4. (poker, chiefly of a flop) Composed entirely of different suits.
5. (mathematics, cryptography) Of or pertaining to rainbow tables.

   rainbow attack

使用する際の注意点

• In the United States, 'rainbow' groups/families/alliances/coalitions were originally those made up of several races or ethnicities. The term is now used more broadly, to refer (in the 2007 quotation, for example) to an alliance of several political parties. Separately, use of a rainbow flag as an LGBT symbol has led to the term being used to refer to LGBT groups (initiatives, etc).

同意語

• (multicolored): motley, multihued, polychromatic; see also Thesaurus:multicolored
• (made up of several races または ethnicities): multiethnic, multiracial, rainbowed
• (made up of several factions): multipartisan

動詞

rainbow (三人称単数 現在形 rainbows, 現在分詞 rainbowing, 過去形および過去分詞形 rainbowed)

1. (transitive) To brighten with, or as with, a rainbow; to pattern with the colours of the rainbow.
2. (intransitive) To take the appearance of a rainbow.
   • 1917, G[ulian] L[ansing] Morrill, The Devil in Mexico, Minneapolis, MN: [?], page 55:

     We saw birds and butterflies rainbowing in the sun; lazy lizards crawling in the heat; inguanas blinking on stone wall, with mouth wide open for flies; poisonous snakes, not only carved on walls, but gliding through the grass.

3. (climbing) In climbing gyms where the rocks to climb are colored to indicate suggested climbing routes, to climb rocks of different colors, thereby ignoring such routes.
   • 2016, Kristin Lenz, Art of Holding On and Letting Go, Elephant Rock Books, →ISBN:

     “She's going to learn to belay while I'm climbing? What if I fall?” “You're not going to fall while rainbowing a 5.8, and besides, she'll catch you.” “I could die.” “That would be tragic,” I said. Kaitlyn crossed her arms.

   • 2021, Ann McCallum Staats, Thrill Seekers: 15 Remarkable Women in Extreme Sports, Chicago Review Press, →ISBN:

     called “rainbowing.” Different routes were color coordinated. ... Using hand-me-down equipment and learning as much as she could, Brittany began climbing outdoors. She found like-minded people and joined organizations such as Brown ...

参考

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参照

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. →ISBN