yellowとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• yeallow (廃れた用法), yeller (方言)

語源

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from 古期英語 ġeolwe, oblique form of of 古期英語 ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”)

Compare Welsh gwelw (“pale”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد‎ (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”). Cognate with German gelb (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”).

The verb is from 古期英語 ġeolwian, from the adjective.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈjɛl.əʊ/
• (General American) enPR: yĕl′ō, IPA^(key): /ˈjɛl.oʊ/
• (方言) IPA^(key): /ˈjɛl.ɚ/
• (dated, Southern 米国発音 folk speech) IPA^(key): /jɛlə/, /ˈjælə/, /ˈjɑlə/, /ˈjɪlə/, /ˈjʌlə/^[1]
• 韻: -ɛləʊ

形容詞

yellow (comparative yellower または more yellow, superlative yellowest または most yellow)

1. Having yellow as its color.
   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost (1667) - Book X, line 434

     A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought / First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf.

   • 1827, [John Keble], “Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity”, in The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], OCLC 1029642537, page 85:

     Red o'er the forest glows the setting sun, / The line of yellow light dies fast away / That crown'd the eastern copse, and chill and dun / Falls on the moor the brief November day.

   • 1911, J. Milton Hayes, "The green eye of the little yellow god,"

     There's a one-eyed yellow idol / To the north of Kathmandu; / There's a little marble cross below the town; / And a brokenhearted woman / Tends the grave of 'Mad' Carew, / While the yellow god for ever gazes down.

   • 1962 (quoting c. 1398 text), Hans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, editors, Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, ISBN 978-0-472-01044-8, page 1242:

     dorrẹ̅, dōrī adj. & n. […] Golden or reddish-yellow […] (a. 1398) *Trev. Barth. 59b/a: ȝelouȝ colour [of urine] […] tokeneþ febleness of hete […] dorrey & citrine & liȝt red tokeneþ mene.

   Antonyms: nonyellow, unyellow

2. (informal) Lacking courage.
   • 1951, J. D. Salinger, chapter 13, in The Catcher in the Rye, Little, Brown and Company, OCLC 287628:

     What you should be is not yellow at all. If you're supposed to sock somebody in the jaw, and you sort of feel like doing it, you should do it.

   • 1975, Monty Python, Monty Python and the Holy Grail

     You yellow bastards! Come back here and take what's coming to you!

   Synonym: cowardly

3. (publishing, journalism) Characterized by sensationalism, lurid content, and doubtful accuracy.
   • 2004, Doreen Carvajal, "Photo edict muffles gossipy press," International Herald Tribune, 4 Oct. (retrieved 29 July 2008),

     The denizens of the gossipy world of the pink press, purple prose and yellow tabloids are shivering over disputed photographs of Princess Caroline of Monaco.

4. (chiefly derogatory, offensive, racist) Of the skin, having the colour traditionally attributed to Far East Asians, especially Chinese.
   • 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure‎^[1]:

     They were all tall and all handsome, though they varied in their degree of darkness of skin, some being as dark as Mahomed, and some as yellow as a Chinese.

5. (chiefly derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Far East Asian (relating to Asian people).
   • 1913, Sax Rohmer, The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu

     Imagine that awful being, and you have a mental picture of Dr. Fu-Manchu, the yellow peril incarnate in one man.

   • 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 516:

     The two youths, the brown and the yellow, faced each other at the cross-roads, under a dim street-lamp.

6. (dated, Australia, offensive) Of mixed Aboriginal and Caucasian ancestry.
   • 1938, Xavier Herbert, Capricornia, Chapter VI, p. 64, [2]

     "Eh, Oscar—you hear about your yeller nephew?".

7. (dated, US) Synonym of high yellow
   • 1933 September 9, James Thurber, “My Life and Hard Times—VI. A Sequence of Servants”, in The New Yorker

     Charley threw her over for a yellow gal named Nancy: he never forgave Vashti for the vanishing from his life of a menace that had come to mean more to him than Vashti herself.

8. (UK, politics) Related to the Liberal Democrats.
   • 2012 March 2, Andrew Grice, "Yellow rebels take on Clegg over NHS 'betrayal'", The Independent

   yellow constituencies

9. (politics) Related to the Free Democratic Party of Germany.

   the black-yellow coalition

派生語

名詞

yellow (複数形 yellows)

1. The colour of gold, cheese, or a lemon; the colour obtained by mixing green and red light, or by subtracting blue from white light.
   • 1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper:

     It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw—not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things.

2. (US) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, the illumination of which indicates that drivers should stop short of the intersection if it is safe to do so.
3. (snooker) One of the colour balls used in snooker, with a value of 2 points.
4. (pocket billiards) One of two groups of object balls, or a ball from that group, as used in the principally British version of pool that makes use of unnumbered balls (the (yellow(s) and red(s)); contrast stripes and solids in the originally American version with numbered balls).
5. (sports) A yellow card.
   • 2011 April 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport‎^[3]:

     Andrew Surman fired in what proved to be a 37th-minute winner before Forest's Paul Konchesky saw red late on. That second yellow for the loan signing came in stoppage time and did not affect the outcome of a game which Norwich dominated.

6. Any of various pierid butterflies of the subfamily Coliadinae, especially the yellow coloured species. Compare sulphur.

同意語

• (intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights): amber (英国用法)

反意語

• (intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights): red, green

下位語

• (color): bronze yellow, cadmium yellow, fast yellow AB, quinoline yellow, school bus yellow, sulfur yellow, sulphur yellow, taxi yellow, yellow-green, yellow 2G

派生語

• beyellowed
• see yellow

動詞

yellow (三人称単数 現在形 yellows, 現在分詞 yellowing, 過去形および過去分詞形 yellowed)

1. (intransitive) To become yellow or more yellow.
   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, page 47:

     Then suddenly, with the least warning, the sky yellows and the Chergui blows in from the Sahara, stinging the eyes and choking with its sandy, sticky breath.

   • 2013, Robert Miraldi, Seymour Hersh, Potomac Books, Inc. (→ISBN), page 187:

     Interviews, clippings, yellowing stories from foreign newspapers, notebooks with old scribblings. Salisbury called it the debris of a reporter always too much on the run to sort out the paper, but there it was, an investigator's dream, […]

2. (transitive) To make (something) yellow or more yellow.

参考

• All pages with yellow as a prefix

参照