oilとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• oyl (obsolete)

発音

• enPR: oil, IPA: /ɔɪl/, [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ]
• (Southern 米国発音) IPA: /ɔl/

• Homophone: Oi'll
• 韻: -ɔɪl

語源 1

From 中期英語 oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Doublet of oleum. Supplanted 中期英語 ele (“oil”), from 古期英語 ele (“oil”), also from Latin.

名詞

oil (countable and uncountable, plural oils)

1. Liquid fat.

   Oil is mostly found in Saudi Arabia and is transported all over the world.

2. Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
3. Petroleum.
   • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist‎, volume 408, number 8847, archived from the original on 2 August 2020:

     The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.

4. (countable) An oil painting.
   • 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist, page 89:

     Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.

5. (painting) Oil paint.

   I prefer to paint in oil

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 oilen, oylen, from the noun (see above).

動詞

oil (third-person singular simple present oils, present participle oiling, simple past and past participle oiled)

1. (transitive) To lubricate with oil.

   Hypernym: lubricate

   Hyponyms: overoil, reoil, underoil

   Coordinate term: grease

   • 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

     Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.

   • 1955 February, E. J. Tyler and J. Quanjer, “The Steam Locomotive in Holland 1919-1954”, in Railway Magazine, page 131:

     Platform faces in Holland are further back from the track than they are in Britain, and it is a common thing to see a driver standing quite comfortably between his engine and the platform while oiling the motion.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

2. (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.
3. (transitive) To fuel with oil.
4. To say in an unctuous manner.
   • 1984 December 22, Michael Bronski, “Women Act Out on Film”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 23, page 10:

     "Do you need a drink?" oils Robert Ryan to the disinterested Stanwyck in Clash By Night; "Let's say that's what I need," she sneers back.

派生語

アナグラム

• ILO, LOI, Loi, Oli