favorとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English favour, favor, faver, from Anglo-Norman favour, from mainland Old French favor, from Latin favor (“good will; kindness; partiality”), from faveō (“to be kind to”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂weh₁yeti (“to be favourable to”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine, glow light”). Respelled in American English to more closely match its Latin etymon. Compare also Danish favør (“favor”), Irish fabhar (“favor”), from the same Romance source.

発音

• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈfeɪvɚ/
• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈfeɪvə/
• 韻: -eɪvə(ɹ)
• ハイフネーション: fa‧vor

名詞

favor (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 favors) (米国用法 spelling, alternative in Canada)

1. A kind or helpful deed; an instance of voluntarily assisting (someone).

   He did me a favor when he took the time to drive me home.

2. Goodwill; benevolent regard.

   She enjoyed the queen's favor.

   to fall out of favor

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. […] She looked around expectantly, and recognizing Mrs. Cooke's maid […] Miss Thorn greeted her with a smile which greatly prepossessed us in her favor.

   • 2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Normandy SR-2:

     Samara: She confuses her victims, twists their feelings. They will do anything for her favor.

3. A small gift; a party favor.

   At the holiday dinner, the hosts had set a favor by each place setting.

   A marriage favour is a bunch or knot of white ribbons or white flowers worn at a wedding.

   • 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:

     Here, Fluellen; wear thou this favour for me and
     stick it in thy cap: when Alencon and myself were
     down together, I plucked this glove from his helm […]

   • 1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 22, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

     The rain drove into the bride and bridegroom's faces as they passed to the chariot. The postilions' favours draggled on their dripping jackets.

4. Mildness or mitigation of punishment; lenity.
   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput):

     I could not discover the lenity and favour of this sentence.

5. The object of regard; person or thing favoured.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     All these his wondrous works, but chiefly man, / His chief delight and favour.

6. (obsolete) Appearance; look; countenance; face.
   • c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

     This boy is fair, of female favour.

7. (law) Partiality; bias^[1]
8. (archaic) A letter, a written communication.
   • 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LXVIII”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:

     I will now take some notice of your last favour; but being so far behind-hand with you, must be brief.

9. (obsolete) Anything worn publicly as a pledge of a woman's favor.
10. (obsolete) A ribbon or similar small item that is worn as an adornment, especially in celebration of an event.
    • 1853 May, E.R. Bowen, “Bride-Maids and Bride-Cake”, in Peterson's Magazine, volume 23, number 5, page 306:

      The bride favors, or true love knots, ancient symbols of love, faith, and friendship, pointing out the indisssoluble tie of affection and duty, did not, as might be supposed, take their name of true love knots from the words "true" and "love,", but from the Danish verb "Trulofa," that is, "I plight my troth of faith." These knots were formerly distributed in great abundance; were worn in the hats by gentlemen, and consisted of variously colored ribbons, which were chosen by the bride and her maids, sometimes after long and serious discussions.

    • 1898, Melvin Ballou Gilbert, The Director - Volume 1, page 210:

      Of all the new war cotillion favors yet devised there is hardly anything more novel than these. Aigrettes that are bunches of ribbons, red, white and blue, designed to be pinned in the hair at once, make up another favor.

    • 1900, “From Abroad”, in The International, volume 8, page 415:

      Since the good news young folk—and old, too, for that matter—bedeck themselves with favors. Charms hand pendent from the watch chain, from neck pins.

    • 1991, Anthony G. Barrand, Six Fools and a Dancer: The Timeless Way of the Morris, page 178:

      We can and should borrow choice items, such as bell pads, favors and flowered hats , which can easily be adapted […]

    • 2013, R. Turner Wilcox, The Mode in Hats and Headdress, page 109:

      […] honor was bestowed upon the latter because he was the proud possessor of luxurious blond hair and had the most beautiful single curl tied with a ribbon. The lovelock was thereafter called a cadcnettc and the ribbon bowknots, favors.

使用する際の注意点

• Favor is the standard US spelling, and an alternative in Canada. Favour is the standard spelling in Canada and outside North America.
• English speakers usually "do someone a favor" (rather than *"make them a favor", which would be sense 3 only). See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take for uses and meaning of favor collocated with these words.

同意語

反意語

派生語

動詞

favor (三人称単数 現在形 favors, 現在分詞 favoring, 過去形および過去分詞形 favored) (US, alternative in Canada, transitive)

1. To look upon fondly; to prefer.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:28:

     And the angel came in unto her, and said, Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 6, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     Even in an era when individuality in dress is a cult, his clothes were noticeable. He was wearing a hard hat of the low round kind favoured by hunting men, and with it a black duffle-coat lined with white.

2. To use more often.
   • 2007, Bert Casper, Shadow Upon the Dream: Book 1: Barrûn, page 537:

     […] alone, without having to favor his right, uninjured leg, […]

3. To encourage, conduce to
   • 1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6)‎^[2]:

     These [boys being groomed as prostitutes] are sold by their parents (sometimes stolen from them), about the age of 4, and educated, while they are also subjected to a special physical training, which includes massage of the gluteal regions to favor development, dilatation of the anus, and epilation (which is not, however, practised by Chinese women).

4. To do a favor [noun sense 1] for; to show beneficence toward.

   Would you favor us with a poetry reading?

5. To treat with care.

   Favoring your sore leg will only injure the other one.

6. (in dialects, including Southern US and Louisiana) To resemble; especially, to look like (another person).
   • 1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:

     ‘Mandy?’ he said, and stared at the girl. ‘Don't favor her too much.’ ‘Favors her dad,’ Latha said, and looked at him.

   • 1989, Rayford Clayton Reddell; Robert Galyean, Growing Fragrant Plants, page 13:

     […] chamomile and apples? Those particular smellalikes tested our imagination. Yet much of what he said was right on the mark. The scent of sweet peas, for instance, does indeed favor that of wisteria.

   • 2012, Rick Bass, A Thousand Deer: Four Generations of Hunting and the Hill Country, →ISBN, page 63:

     The way things repeat themselves, across time — not just in the replications and recombinations of family and place ("He favors his momma, she favors her daddy"), but in the accretion of like patterns […]

同意語

反意語

派生語

参照

• “favor”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Latin

語源

From faveō (“I am well disposed または inclined toward, favor, countenance, befriend”) +‎ -or.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.u̯or/, [ˈfäu̯ɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.vor/, [ˈfäːvor]

名詞

favor m (genitive favōris); third declension

1. good will, inclination, partiality, favor

   Synonym: beneficium

   Antonyms: maleficium, iniūria, dētrīmentum, noxa, calamitās

2. support

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• favōrābilis

派生した語

参照

• “favor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “favor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• favor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• favor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • to find favour with some one; to get into their good graces: benevolentiam, favorem, voluntatem alicuius sibi conciliare or colligere (ex aliqua re)
    
  • popular favour; popularity: aura favoris popularis (Liv. 22. 26)
    
  • popular favour; popularity: populi favor, gratia popularis
    
• “favor”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.