bolsterとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• boulster
• bowster, bouster, boster (Scotland)

語源

From Middle English bolster, bolstre, from 古期英語 bolster (“pillow”), from Proto-West Germanic *bolstr, from Proto-Germanic *bulstraz (“pillow, cushion”). Cognate with Scots bowster (“bolster”), West Frisian bulster (“mattress”), Dutch bolster (“husk, shell”), German Polster (“bolster, pillow, pad”), Swedish bolster (“soft mattress, bolster”), Icelandic bólstur (“pillow”).

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈbəʊlstə/
  • (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈboʊlstɚ/

名詞

bolster (複数形 bolsters)

1. A large cushion or pillow.
   • c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

     And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, / This way the coverlet, another way the sheets.

   • 1907 April, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter VII, in The Longest Journey, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, part I (Cambridge), page 88:

     ["]Don't you know how [Joseph Mallord William] Turner spoils his pictures by introducing a man like a bolster in the foreground? Well, in actual life every landscape is spoilt by men of worse shapes still." / "You sound like a bolster with the stuffing out." They laughed.

2. A pad, quilt, or anything used to hinder pressure, support part of the body, or make a bandage sit easy upon a wounded part; a compress.
   • [1715], [John] Gay, The What D’Ye Call It: A Tragi-comi-pastoral Farce, London: […] Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 11:

     This Arm ſhall be a Bolſter for thy Head, / I'll fetch clean Straw to make my Soldier's Bed; / There, while thou ſleep'ſt, my Apron o'er thee hold, / Or with it patch thy Tent againſt the Cold.

3. (vehicles, agriculture) A small spacer located on top of the axle of horse-drawn wagons that gives the front wheels enough clearance to turn.
4. A short, horizontal structural timber between a post and a beam for enlarging the bearing area of the post and/or reducing the span of the beam.

   Synonyms: cross-head, pillow

5. A beam in the middle of a railway truck, supporting the body of the car.
6. The perforated plate in a punching machine on which anything rests when being punched.
7. The part of a knife blade that abuts upon the end of the handle.
8. The metallic end of a pocketknife handle.
9. (architecture) The rolls forming the ends or sides of the Ionic capital.
   • 1826, Francesco Milizia, The Lives of Celebrated Architects Ancient and Modern:

     Its [the Ionic's column's] ancient capital is generally formed of two parallel bolsters

10. (military, historical) A block of wood on the carriage of a siege gun, upon which the breech of the gun rests when arranged for transportation.

同意語

• Dutch wife

派生語

• bolsterless
• bolster wagon
• bogie bolster wagon

動詞

bolster (三人称単数 現在形 bolsters, 現在分詞 bolstering, 過去形および過去分詞形 bolstered)

1. (transitive, often figurative) To brace, reinforce, secure, or support.
   • 2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI sounds refreshed and rejuvenated on its 10th album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[1]:

     Puget also teamed up with Matt Hyde (Deftones, Slayer) to co-produce the record, which was another smart move: Together, the pair ensures that AFI (The Blood Album)‘s arrangements are streamlined, but bolstered by just the right amount of atmospheric texture.

   • 2019 October, Philip Sherratt, “Midland Main Line upgrade presses on”, in Modern Railways, page 62:

     However, once the bi-modes come on stream this [the power supply] will need to be bolstered by a feed at Braybrooke, just south of Market Harborough, for which reason the Department for Transport has supported the extension of overhead electrification from Kettering to Market Harborough.

   • 2022 January 12, Chris Hegg, “The secret railway in the woods”, in RAIL, number 948, page 36:

     At the outbreak of the Second World War, the number of locomotives at the depot was bolstered by the loan of several tank engines from the GWR, usually fitted with the distinctive "balloon" spark arrestors.

   • 2023 May 8, Matt Spetalnick, “Top Biden aide discusses Yemen peace efforts with Saudi crown prince”, in Reuters‎^[2]:

     On a trip aimed at bolstering often-frayed ties with Riyadh, Sullivan also held joint talks with the crown prince, UAE national security adviser Sheikh Tahnoon bin Zayed al-Nahyan and India national security adviser Ajit Doval "to advance their shared vision of a more secure and prosperous Middle East region interconnected with India and the world," the White House said.

アナグラム

• Bortles, Strobel, Stroble, bolters, lobster, reblots, rebolts, trobles

語源

From Proto-Germanic *bulstraz.

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈbol.ster/, [ˈboɫ.ster]

名詞

bolster m

1. pillow, cushion

   Tō slāpenne iċ þearf simle hūru twēġa bolstra.

   I always need at least two pillows to sleep.

語形変化

同意語

• pyle
• wangere

派生語

• bedbolster
• hēafodbolster
• hlēorbolster

派生した語

• Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur
  • English: bolster
  • Scots: bowster, bouster, boster