kindとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from 古期英語 cynd (“generation, kind, nature, race”), ġecynd, from Proto-Germanic *kundiz, *gakundiz, related to *kunją. Cognate with Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.

別の表記

• kinde, kynd, kynde (廃れた用法)

名詞

kind (複数形 kinds)

1. A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.

   What kind of a person are you?

   This is a strange kind of tobacco.

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book III, canto V, stanza 1:

     How diversely Love doth his pageants play, / And shews his powre in variable kinds !

   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎^[1]:

     “[…] the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
       Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer. […]”

2. A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.

   The opening served as a kind of window.

   • 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII

     I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.

3. (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “vij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:

     And whan he cam ageyne he sayd / O my whyte herte / me repenteth that thow art dede / […] / and thy deth shalle be dere bought and I lyue / and anone he wente in to his chamber and armed hym / and came oute fyersly / & there mette he with syr gauayne / why haue ye slayne my houndes said syr gauayn / for they dyd but their kynde

4. (archaic) Family, lineage.
   • "She Moved through the Fair" (traditional Irish folk song)

     My young love said to me, My mother won’t mind
     And my father won’t slight you for your lack of kind.

5. (archaic) Manner.
7. Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
   • 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur

     Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.

8. Equivalent means used as response to an action.

   I'll pay in kind for his insult.

9. (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.

使用する際の注意点

In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.

同意語

• genre
• sort
• type
• derivative

(1) and/or (2)

• generation
• offspring
• child
• See also Thesaurus:class

派生語

関連する語

語源 2

From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from 古期英語 cynde, ġecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from 古期英語 cynd, ġecynd (“nature, kind”).

別の表記

• kinde (廃れた用法)

形容詞

kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)

1. Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
   • c. 1588–1593, [William Shakespeare], The Most Lamentable Romaine Tragedie of Titus Andronicus: […] (First Quarto), London: […] Iohn Danter, and are to be sold by Edward White & Thomas Millington, […], published 1594, OCLC 222241046, [Act II, scene iii]:

     Some ſay that Rauens foſter forlorne children, / The whilſt their owne birds famiſh in their neſts: / Oh be to me though thy hard hart ſay no, / Nothing ſo kinde but ſomething pittiful.

2. Affectionate.

   a kind man; a kind heart

   • 1770, Oliver Goldsmith, The Deserted Village

     Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was in fault.

3. Favorable.
4. Mild, gentle, forgiving

   The years have been kind to Richard Gere; he ages well.

5. Gentle; tractable; easily governed.

   a horse kind in harness

6. (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
   • c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:

     Ȝet haue I no kynde knowing quod I · ȝet mote ȝe kenne me better.

   • 1601, G[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the VVorld. Commonly Called, The Natvrall Historie of C. Plinivs Secvndus. […], (please specify |tome=1 または 2), London: […] Adam Islip, published 1635, OCLC 1180792622:

     it becommeth sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind tast.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:affectionate

派生語

Further reading

• Kind in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

アナグラム

• DINK, dink

接尾辞

-kind

1. Used to form nouns denoting groups or classes taken collectively from animate nouns

派生語