o'とは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Perhaps from a special use of the interjection O, oh; and/or perhaps from o (“one”), from Middle English o, oo, variant of a, on, oon, an (“one”). See one and -y.

接尾辞

-o (複数形 -os または -oes)

1. A colloquializing suffix, typically appended to names, abbreviations of long words, or substantive uses of adjectives.

   ‎kid + ‎-o → ‎kiddo

   ‎ugly + ‎-o → ‎uggo

   • 1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:

     Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

使用する際の注意点

-o generally does not change the meaning of the word or name but only makes it more colloquial, as with cheapo and Jacko. It is often appended to clipped or elided forms of longer words, as with ambo and parmo. Occasionally, the terminal consonant of the clipped form is doubled for clarity of meaning or pronunciation, as with uggo and doggo. It sometimes does change the meaning of words, usually by being applied to adjectives to indicate a person with a pronounced trait, as with weirdo (“weird person”), or to nouns used metonymously to indicate a person with a pronounced connection to the other object, as with wino (“poor または vagrant alcoholic”). Especially in American English, some uses of this suffix are understood as dated slang, as with bucko and neato. The suffix is most frequently and widely encountered in Australian English, which has additional uses (such as rego for registration かつ nasho for national service) that are never or only extremely rarely encountered in other dialects.

Its meaning is very similar to some uses of -y and its use is particularly common where use of -y might cause misunderstanding, as with randy and rando, journey and journo, whiny and wino.

派生語

参考

• -ie, -y

語源 2

From many Spanish or Italian words that end in o. This ending in such Spanish or Italian words generally derives from -um, the accusative singular inflectional ending for masculine and neuter nouns in Latin.

接尾辞

-o

1. (humorous) Converts certain words to faux Italian or Spanish. Can be used with Spanish el for expressions such as el stinko.

   no problemo

派生語

• problemo
• stinko

語源 3

Back-formation from typo.

接尾辞

-o (複数形 -os)

1. Added to verb stems to create a noun describing an error relating to the action described by the verb.

派生語

• clicko
• scanno
• speako
• spello
• thinko
• writo

派生語

Latin

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /oː/, [oː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /o/, [ɔː]

語源 1

See Proto-Indo-European *-h₃onh₂- (with nominative ō made common to all cases).

接尾辞

-ō m (genitive -ōnis); third declension

2. forms masculine agent nouns, positive and especially negative nicknames and other designations, especially in colloquial language.

   combibere (“to drink together”) → combibō (“drinking buddy”)

   vāpulāre (“to get beaten”) → vāpulō (“who gets frequently flogged”)

   ?cōci- → cōciō (“broker”)

   centuria (“century”) → centuriō (“centurion”)

   mūlus (“mule”) → mūliō (“muleteer”)

   Ancient Greek μωρός (mōrós, “dull, sluggish”) → mōriō (“idiot”)

4. also forms names, especially cognomina.

   aquila (“eagle”) → Aquilō (“the North wind”)

   incubāre (“to lie on top”) → Incubō (“a spirit that watches over buried treasures”)

   cūria (“curia”) → Cūriō

   cicer (“chickpea”) → Cicerō

   vārus (“bow-legged”) → Varrō

   catus (“clever, shrewd”) → Catō

   conger (“sea-eel”) → Congriō (“name of a cook in Plautus”)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

同意語

• (forms masculine agent nouns): -a¹, -ārius

派生語

派生した語

• French: -on
  • → English: -oon
• Italian: -one
• Portuguese: -ão
• Romanian: -oi
• Sicilian: -uni, -una
• Spanish: -ón

参照

• “-ō¹” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 2

From Proto-Italic *-ōd, an ablative suffix, derived from Proto-Indo-European *-éad.

接尾辞

-ō (comparative -ius, superlative -issimō)

2. forms adverbs

   prīmus + -ō → prīmō

   tūtus + -ō → tūtō

派生語

参照

• “-ō²” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 3

From Proto-Italic *-āō or *-aēō, from the following sources:

• Denominative verbs with *-eh₂yéti (e.g. dōnō, pugnō, cūrō)
• Verbs from roots in *-h₁-. (e.g. flō)
• Verbs from roots in *-h₂-. (e.g. for, nō, hiō, domō, iuvō)
• Verbs from roots in *-h₃-. (e.g. dō, lavō, arō)
• By sound laws acting on *-h₂ + *-éh₁yeti. (単数形 case of stō)

別の表記

• -aō

接尾辞

-ō (present infinitive -āre, perfect active -āvī, supine -ātum); first conjugation

2. suffixed to nouns or adjectives — originally a-stem nouns, but later nouns with other stems — forms regular first-conjugation verbs

   cūra + -ō → cūrō

   dōnum + -ō → dōnō

   laus (stem: laud-) + -ō → laudō

   multa + -ō → multō

   nūndinae + -or → nūndinor (deponent)

4. suffixed to third-conjugation verbs in composition, forms regular first-conjugation verbs

   com- + pellō (pres. act. inf.: pellere) + -ō → compellō (pres. act. inf.: compellāre)

   prō- + flīgō (pres. act. inf.: flīgere) + -ō → prōflīgō (pres. act. inf.: prōflīgāre)

Conjugation

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been").
²The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
³At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

派生語

派生した語

• Catalan: -ar
• → English: -ate
• → Ido: -ar
• Italian: -are
• Spanish: -ar
• Old French: -er, -ier
  • Middle French: -ier, -er
    • French: -er
  • Gallo: -ieu
  • → Middle High German: -ieren
    • German: -ieren, -iren
      • → Russian: -ировать (-irovatʹ)
      • → Serbo-Croatian: -irati
  • Norman: -yi (Jersey)
• Romanian: -a
• Sardinian: -are
• Sicilian: -ari

参照

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• “-ō³” on page 1,210/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

語源 4

(This etymology is missing または incomplete. Please add to it, または discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

別の表記

• -iō

接尾辞

-ō (present infinitive -ere, perfect active -ī, supine -um); third conjugation

1. forms regular third-conjugation verbs

Conjugation

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been").

語源 5

From Old Latin -ōi, from Proto-Italic *-ōi, from Proto-Indo-European *-oey.

接尾辞

-ō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -us

参考

• Category:Latin terms suffixed with -o

語源 1

Adopted from Latin -o-, originating ultimately from Ancient Greek -ό- (-ó-) and -ο- (-o-). In English, the connective is found from the Middle English period in direct borrowings from Latin. Direct formations of English terms with the connective, always combining Greek or Latin roots, appear from the 16th or 17th century. From the 18th century, the suffix becomes productive in compounds where the second element is English. From about 1800, formations on all sorts of stems become common.

接合辞

-o-

1. A linking vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, to ease pronunciation, without contributing to the meaning. It frequently joins words or combining forms of Ancient Greek or Classical Latin origin in the classical compounds of New Latin and international scientific vocabulary, but it can also be used to join modern terms and even abbreviations, either formally or informally.

   extreme + -o- + -phile producing extremophile

   blog + -o- + -sphere producing blogosphere

   speed + -o- + meter producing speedometer

   sadism + -o- + masochism producing sadomasochism

   smell + -o- + vision producing smell-o-vision

派生語

参考

• -i-

語源 2

Designated in the USAN guidelines for non-proprietary names of monoclonal antibodies.

接辞

-o-

1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source

関連する語

• -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)

参照

• USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000

Further reading

• -o- at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “-o-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
• “-o-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• “-o-” in TheFreeDictionary.com, Huntingdon Valley, Pa.: Farlex, Inc., 2003–2022.
• “-o-”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
• “-o, suffix.”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

Latin

語源

A user suggests that this Latin entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “There are contradictions: "becomes productive ... from the 16th century" & "productive from the 15th century" "post-classical Latin ... (such as gallograecus (“Gallo-Greek”) ...)" - gallograecus/Gallograecus is said to occur in Ciceros' work, Gallograecia in Caesar's and Livius' work, hence the example doesn't fit to the label. ”

Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek -ο- (-o-) and -ό- (-ó-), often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as δημοκρατία (dēmokratía), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as μητρόπολις (mētrópolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin. The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the 16th century. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.

接合辞

-o-

1. (post-classical Latin) Suffix forming nominal compounds (such as gallograecus (“Gallo-Greek”), from gallicus (“Gallic”) and graecus (“Greek”)).

派生語

文字

O (upper case, lower case o, 複数形 Os または O's)

1. The fifteenth letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.
   • 1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 421:

     "Supposing somebody sees you, with all those flowers too? Supposing somebody writes him a letter? Ooooh!" (a pure round open Tamil O.)

名詞

O (複数形 Os または O's)

1. Something shaped like the letter O.
   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, chapter XX, in Age of Consent, London: T[homas] Werner Laurie […], published 1962, OCLC 3195881, page 213:

     She was lying in the lee of a fowlhouse in a crumpled posture, as if cohesion had been detached from her joints, which lobbed her in an untidy heap, like a lot of old bones, tied together with string. Her skull was hitched under her humped shoulders and her fallen jaw made a lipless O of her mouth, giving it an expression of imbecile astonishment.

2. (uncountable) A blood type that lacks A or B antigens and may only receive transfusions of similar type O blood, but may donate to all (neglecting Rh factor). Synonym: universal donor.

参考

• (Latin-script letters) letter; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

数

O (upper case, lower case o)

1. The ordinal number fifteenth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called o and written in the Latin script.

語源 2

From Middle English O, o, from 古期英語 o, from Latin o and Ancient Greek ὦ (ô, interjection). Featured prominently in William Tyndale's 1525 translation of the New Testament.

別の表記

• o
• ô (廃れた用法)

不変化詞

O

2. The English vocative particle, used for direct address.

   O Death! O Death! Won't you spare me over till another year? - part of the refrain from the American folk song "A Conversation with Death".

   • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], OCLC 762018299, Romans ij:[1, 3], folio cc, verso:

     Therfore arte thou inexcuſable o man whoſoever thou be that iudgeſt. For in that ſame where in thou iudgeſt another / thou cõdemneſt thy ſilfe. For thou that iudgeſt doest evẽ the ſame ſilfe thynges. […] Thynkeſt thou O man that iudgeſt them which do ſoche thyngꝭ and yet doſt evẽ the very ſame / that thou ſhalt eſcape the iudgemẽt of God?

   • c. 1810-1820?, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Notes on Macbeth

     O! the affecting beauty of the death of Cawdor, and the presentimental speech of the king: […]

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:O.

使用する際の注意点

• The word O is typically written in upper case in modern usage.
• O is often used in translations from languages which have the vocative case.
• Although it is not strictly archaic, the particle is sometimes used archaizingly. It conveys a formal or reverential tone.

同意語

• oh
• hey
• yo
• ah

派生語

• O Antiphon
• O Canada

参考

• Anglo-Saxon: ēalā, ǣlā, hēlā.
• la (a particle for introducing a statement または expressing surprise), lo
• oh.

語源 3

Abbreviation.

名詞

O (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 Os)

1. (printing) American Library Association abbreviation of octavo, a book size (20-25 cm).
2. (soccer) Someone associated with Leyton Orient Football Club, as a player, coach, supporter etc.
3. (cricket) The number of overs bowled.
4. (slang) Orgasm.

   Synonym: big O

   • 1998 October 17, M6968, “STORY: The Violation of Sunny a wrestling story, by Wonder Mike”, in alt.sex.stories, Usenet‎^[1], retrieved November 22, 2014:

     Sunny felt some cold and wet press against her pussy, it startled her, then it's^[sic] tongue went deep inside of her, she had been eaten out before, but never this could, who ever was doing it was a real pro, and had to have the longest tongue in the world it was buried at least three inches inside of her and was taking long, hard strokes, it was trying to get even deeper, it was only seconds before she started shaking from her first O.

   • 1999 March 31, JT aka GF, “Re: mary p., hex and going "downtown"”, in alt.psst.hoy, Usenet‎^[2], retrieved November 22, 2014:

     Further on, when she's about to reach her first O, the taste turns from no taste to champagne-like.

   • 2010, Lonnie Hicks, Einstein, Religion, Politics and Literature, page 308:

     She thought you could get pregnant from tonguing when kissing; about her first O and how it scared her; how she looked in the mirror afterwards to see if she had changed; about how scared she was when it came time to deliver the baby.

   • 2011 June 14, wtw, “{wtw} - "4someWithFriends" (1/1)”, in alt.sex.stories, Usenet‎^[3], retrieved November 22, 2014:

     Now my friend was fingering my wife and licking her clit. My wife reached her first O of the night.

5. (slang) Opium.
   • 1952, Collier's: Incorporating Features of the American Magazine (page 22)

     We lay on our stomachs on the living-room floor in a circle around our host, a skinny little man who said he'd been smoking O for 20 years.

形容詞

O (not comparable)

1. (historical) Abbreviation of morally offensive. (film classification of the National Legion of Decency)

語源 4

Korean 오(伍) (O) or 오(吳) (O). Doublet of Wu.

別の表記

• Oh, Oe, Au

固有名詞

O

1. A surname from Korean.

語源 5

From Mandarin 鄂 (È) Wade–Giles romanization: O⁴.

固有名詞

O

1. Alternative form of E
   • [1906, Frederick D. Cloud, Hangchow, the "City of Heaven"‎^[4], Shanghai: Presbyterian Mission Press, OCLC 663395923, OL 7189168M, page 53:

     ACCORDING to various inscriptions about this famous temple we are told that it was erected to the memory of Ya Fei, "An Unswerving Guardian to the Heir-Apparent," of the Sung dynasty; "A Loyal-to-the-end Minister," who came from the ancient state of O-Kuo, the present Wu Ch'ang-fu of Hupei; and that it was erected by the Emperor Hsiao Tsung as an atonement for the weakness and follies of his father, Kao Tsung, toward a faithful servant of the empire who came to his untimely death through the diabolical schemes of men in high estate. Moreover, that after his death and burial, when the empire came to appreciate his great services to the people, the posthumous title of " Prince of O-Kuo" was bestowed upon his sacred memory.]

   • 1976, Noel Barnard, The Proceedings of a Symposium on Scientific Methods of Research in the Study of Ancient Chinese Bronzes and Southeast Asian Metal and Other Archaeological Artifacts, October 6-10, 1975, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne‎^[5], →ISBN, OCLC 867854887, OL 4293951M, page 107:

     ⁶There are actually several geographical identifications proposed for the State of O: Wu-ch'ang in Hupei, Huai-ch'ing in Honan, and Fu-fang, Shensi (in the south-east thereof). As two inscriptions connected with the State of O refer to invasions....

   • 2006, Ssu-ma Ch'ien, William H. Nienhauser, Jr., editor, The Grand Scribe's Records,‎^[6], volume V.1, →ISBN, OCLC 900535402, OL 9403966M, page 385:

     [...]Yang-yüeh 楊粵,⁴⁰ reaching as far as O 鄂.⁴¹

関連する語

• O-ch'eng, O-chou

接頭辞

O'

1. descendant of; used to form Irish patronymic surnames.

   O'Reilly

参考

• Fitz-
• Mac
• Mc-
• o'

接頭辞

o-

1. (organic chemistry) ortho-

参考

• m-
• p-

語源 1

Adopted from Latin, ultimately of Greek origin. In English, the connective is found from the Middle English period in direct borrowings from Latin. Direct formations of English terms with the connective, always combining Greek or Latin roots, appear from the 16th or 17th century. From the 18th century, the suffix becomes productive in compounds where the second element is English. From about 1800, formations on all sorts of stems become common.

接合辞

-o-

1. (In coining neologisms) A vowel inserted interconsonantally between two morphemes, often of Ancient Greek origin, in order to ease pronunciation, as in blogosphere
2. A vowel inserted interconsonantally between two existing words or abbreviated words, indicating a concept that will incorporate both meanings, as in socioeconomic or psychosexual

参考

• -i-
• -k-

接合辞

-o-

1. (pharmacology) a monoclonal antibody derived from a murine source

関連する語

• -mab is the base suffix common to all monoclonal antibodies. (See that entry for full paradigm.)

参照

• USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names, U.S. Pharmacopeia, 2000

Latin

語源

Adopted from the thematic vowel in Ancient Greek, often used to form nominal compounds. In Ancient Greek, the connective suffix originates in compounds where the first member is thematic, such as (whence democracy), but was extended by analogy to other stems, such as (whence metropolis). The suffix was borrowed as a connective into Latin, mainly in compounds of Greek origin. The suffix becomes productive and forms new compounds in learned humanist Latin, from the 16th century. The connective is especially productive in connecting ethnonyms or geographical terms; genuine Greek stems include Gallo-, and Syro-, but most are of medieval or modern origin, productive from the 15th century, such as Anglo-, Graeco- or Latino-.

接合辞

-o-

1. (post-classical Latin) suffix forming nominal compounds (such as gallograecus "Gallo-Greek", from gallicus "Gallic" かつ graecus "Greek")