dearとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English dere, from 古期英語 dīere (“of great value または excellence, expensive, beloved”), from Proto-West Germanic *diurī, from Proto-Germanic *diurijaz (“dear, precious, expensive”). Cognate with Scots dere, deir (“of great value または worth, highly valued, precious, beloved”), Saterland Frisian djuur (“precious, dear, costly, expensive”), Dutch duur (“costly, precious”), German teuer (“costly, precious”), German Low German düür, Danish dyr (“expensive”), Swedish dyr (“expensive”), Norwegian dyr (“expensive”), Icelandic dýr (“expensive”), Yiddish טייַער‎ (tayer, “precious,expensive”).

形容詞

dear (comparative dearer, superlative dearest)

1. (Ireland, UK) High in price; expensive.

   The dearer the jewel, the greater the love expressed.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene i]:

     There's more depends on this than on the value.
     The dearest ring in Venice will I give you,
     And find it out by proclamation:
     Only for this, I pray you, pardon me.

   • 1902, Briquettes as Fuel in Foreign Countries (report of the United States Bureau of Foreign Commerce):

     This water is sold for 50 cents per ton, which is not dear under the circumstances.

   • 1966, The Beatles (lyrics かつ music), “When I'm Sixty-Four”:

     Every summer we can rent a cottage in the Isle of Wight, if it's not too dear.

2. Loved; lovable.
   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, H.L. Brækstad, transl., Folk and Fairy Tales, page 62:

     "Yes, children dear, wait a bit till it turns itself," she answered - she ought to have said "till I turn it"[.]

   • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 731476803:

     So this was my future home, I thought! […] Backed by towering hills, the but faintly discernible purple line of the French boundary off to the southwest, a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.

   • 1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, OCLC 751607287, page 129:

     "We shall have to put up with whitebait. And, of course, a dear little chicken with peas and roast potatoes."

3. Lovely; kind.
   • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, OCLC 1029993343:

     "I've never met the kind of man I mean." "Tell me about him. What does he look like?" "Oh, he might look very much like you." "How dear of you to say that!"

4. Loving, affectionate, heartfelt

   Such dear embrace tenderly comforts even in this dear sorrow.

5. Precious to or greatly valued by someone.

   The dearer the giver, the dearer the trinket he brings!

6. A formal way to start (possibly after my) addressing somebody at the beginning of a letter, memo etc.

   Dear Sir/Madam/Miss, please notice our offices will be closed during the following bank holidays: […].

7. A formal way to start (often after my) addressing somebody one likes or regards kindly.

   My dear friend, I feel better as soon as you come sit beside my sickbed!

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     “A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. […]”

8. An ironic way to start (often after my) addressing an inferior.

   My dear boy, if your grades don't pick up I won't bounce you on, but over my knee!

9. (obsolete) Noble.

派生語

関連する語

• darling

名詞

dear (複数形 dears)

1. A very kind, loving person.

   My little cousin is such a dear, always drawing me pictures.

2. A beloved person.
3. An affectionate, familiar term of address, such as used between husband and wife.

   Pass me the salt, would you dear?

4. An elderly person, especially a woman.

同意語

• (kind loving person): darling

派生語

• oh dear
• the dear knows

動詞

dear (三人称単数 現在形 dears, 現在分詞 dearing, 過去形および過去分詞形 deared)

1. (obsolete) To endear.
   • 1603, John Davies of Hereford, Microcosmos:

     Nor should a Sonne his Sire loue for reward, But for he is his Sire, in nature dear’d.

   • 1623, William Shakespeare, The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra:

     I should have known no less: It hath been taught us from the primal state That he which is was wished until he were; And the ebbed man, ne'er loved till ne'er worth love, Comes deared by being lacked.

   • 1679, Benjamin Keach, The Glorious Lover, page 164:

     Nay, hide him in thy house, and also show Such deared love to him, as to delight In his base company both day and night?

派生語

• bedear

副詞

dear (comparative more dear, superlative most dear)

1. Dearly; at a high price.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene ii]:

     If thou attempt it, it will cost thee dear.

派生語

間投詞

dear

1. (dated) Indicating surprise, pity, or disapproval.

   Dear, dear! Whatever were they thinking?

参考

• oh dear
• dear me

語源 2

From Middle English dere (“fierce, severe, hard, deadly”), from 古期英語 dēor, dȳr (“brave, bold; severe, dire, vehement”), from Proto-Germanic *deuzaz. Cognate with the above.

形容詞

dear (comparative more dear, superlative most dear)

1. Severe, or severely affected; sore.
2. (obsolete) Fierce.

   The Christens found the heathens dear, as the lion doth the bear.

参照

• The Middle English Dictionary

アナグラム

• 'eard, DARE, Dare, Rade, Read, Reda, ared, dare, rade, read