whenceとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English whennes, from 古期英語 hwanon (with adverbial genitive -s), related to hwonne (whence when). Analyzable as when +‎ -s.

発音

• enPR: hwĕns, IPA^(key): /ʍɛns/
• (in accents with the wine-whine merger) enPR: wĕns, IPA^(key): /wɛns/
• 韻: -ɛns

副詞

whence (not comparable)

1. (archaic, formal or literary) From where; from which place or source.

   Antonym: whither

   Whence came I?

   "Pork" comes from French, whence we get most of our modern cooking terms.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 8:14, column 1:

     Ieſus anſwered, and ſaid vnto them, Though I beare record of my ſelfe, yet my record is true: for I know whence I came, and whither I goe: but ye cannot tell whence I come, and whither I goe.

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, かつ Japan), page 108:

     I could plainly diſcover from whence one Family derives a long Chin; why a ſecond hath abounded with Knaves for two Generations, and Fools for two more; why a third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to be Sharpers.

   • 1818, [Mary Shelley], chapter III, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, →OCLC, pages 81–82:

     Whence, I often asked myself, did the principle of life proceed?

   • 1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Sea Chest”, in Treasure Island, London, Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC, part I (The Old Buccaneer), page 29:

     [W]hat greatly encouraged me, it was in an opposite direction from that whence the blind man had made his appearance, and whither he had presumably returned.

   • 1883, A. E. Housman, Fragment of a Greek Tragedy:

     O suitably-attired-in-leather-boots
     Head of a traveller, wherefore seeking whom
     Whence by what way how purposed art thou come
     To this well-nightingaled vicinity?

   • 1885, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “The Seventh Voyage of Sindbad the Seaman”, in A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume VI, [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC, page 71:

     […] But when I had bestridden the plank, quoth I to myself, "Thou deservest all that betideth thee. All this is decreed to me of Allah (whose name be exalted!), to turn me from my greed of gain, whence ariseth all that I endure, for I have wealth galore."

   • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, “A Discovery”, in Moonfleet, London, Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, page 47:

     At first I could not tell what this new sound was, nor whence it came, and now it seemed a little noise close by, and now a great noise in the distance. And then it grew nearer and more defined, and in a moment I knew it was the sound of voices talking.

使用する際の注意点

• This word is uncommon in contemporary usage; from where is now usually substituted (as in the example sentence: Where did I come from? または From where did I come?). Whence is now mainly encountered in older works and in poetic or literary writing. As a result of the obsolescence of the older directional verb system, words like whence and its antonym whither are sometimes used interchangeably as hypercorrect synonyms of where.

1. • 2017 November 17, “[ https://www.northern-times.co.uk/news/we-rightly-remember-those-who-fell-across-europe-and-beyond-138284 We rightly remember those who fell across Europe and beyond]”, in The Northern Times:

     I remember my father telling me of the 11th of November in London, whence he had gone from Tain to work, in the 1930s.

• From whence has a strong literary precedent, appearing in Wyclif's Bible translation, Shakespeare and the King James Bible, as well as in the writings of numerous Victorian-era writers. In recent times, however, it has been criticized as redundant by some usage commentators.

派生語

関連する語

• hence
• thence

接続詞

whence

1. (literary, poetic) Used for introducing the result of a fact that has just been stated; thence

   The work is slow and dangerous, whence the high costs.

   I scored more than you in the exam, whence we can conclude that I am better at the subject than you are.

反意語

• whither

関連する語

• hence
• thence