letterとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English letter, lettre, from Old French letre, from Latin littera (“letter of the alphabet"; in 複数形, "epistle”), from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek διφθέρᾱ (diphthérā, “tablet”). Displaced native Middle English bocstaf, bookstave (“letter, alphabetic symbol”) (from 古期英語 bōcstæf (“alphabetic symbol, written character”)), Middle English bocrune, bocroune (“letter, written character”) (from 古期英語 bōc (“book”) + rūn (“letter, rune”)), Middle English writrune, writroune (“letter, document”) (from 古期英語 writ (“letter, epistle”) + rūn (“letter, rune”)), 古期英語 ǣrendbōc (“letter, message”), 古期英語 ǣrendġewrit (“letter, written message”). Doublet of diphtheria.

別の表記

• lettre (廃れた用法)

名詞

letter (複数形 letters)

1. A symbol in an alphabet.

   There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Luke 23:38:

     And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew.

2. A written or printed communication, generally longer and more formal than a note.

   I wrote a letter to my sister about my life.

   • 1692, William Walsh, “Preface”, in Letters and Poems, Amorous and Gallant:

     The style of letters ought to be free, easy, and natural.

   • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎^[1]:

     He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part I, London: Collins, →ISBN:

     An indulgent playmate, Grannie would lay aside the long scratchy-looking letter she was writing (heavily crossed ‘to save notepaper’) and enter into the delightful pastime of ‘a chicken from Mr Whiteley's’.

3. The literal meaning of something, as distinguished from its intended and remoter meaning (often contrasted with the spirit).
   • 1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:

     We must observe the letter of the law, without doing violence to the reason of the law and the intention of the lawgiver.

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 2024748, (please specify the page number, または |part=prologue, I to VII, または conclusion):

     I broke the letter of it to keep the sense.

   • 2009 February 23, “Euro MP expenses 'can reach £1m'”, in BBC‎^[2]:

     Some MEPs from some countries may have pocketed £2m more than I have by observing the letter but not the spirit of the rules.

4. (複数形) Literature.

   Benjamin Franklin was multiskilled – a scientist, politician and a man of letters.

5. (law) A division unit of a piece of law marked by a letter of the alphabet.

   Letter (b) constitutes an exception to this provision.

6. (US, uncountable) A size of paper, 8½ in × 11 in (215.9 mm × 279.4 mm, US paper sizes rounded to the nearest 5 mm).
7. (Canada, uncountable) A size of paper, 215 mm × 280 mm.
8. (US, scholastic) Clipping of varsity letter.
9. (printing, dated) A single type; type, collectively; a style of type.
   • 1644 February 8, John Evelyn, Diary:

     Under these buildings […] was the king's printing house, and that famous letter so much esteemed.

同意語

• (written character/alphabetic symbol): bookstaff/bookstave

下位語

• epistle
• missive

派生語

関連する語

動詞

letter (三人称単数 現在形 letters, 現在分詞 lettering, 過去形および過去分詞形 lettered)

1. (transitive) To print, inscribe, or paint letters on something.
2. (intransitive, US, scholastic) To earn a varsity letter (award).

語源 2

let +‎ -er.

別の表記

• lettor

名詞

letter (複数形 letters)

1. One who lets, or lets out.

   the letter of a room

   a blood-letter

2. (archaic) One who retards or hinders.

Further reading

• letter on Wikipedia.
• letter (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• letter in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• letter in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

アナグラム

• lettre, tetrel