footballとは意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• foot-ball, foot ball (dated)

語源

From Middle English fotbal, footbal, equivalent to foot +‎ ball, which may refer to the act of kicking a ball with the feet. The name for the briefcase is a play on “dropkick”, the code name of an early version of the nuclear war plan.^[1]

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈfʊtbɔl/
  • IPA^(key): [ˈfʊʔtbɔɫ], [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔɫ]
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈfʊtbɔːl/
  • IPA^(key): [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔːl], [ˈfʊʔtʰbɔːl], [ˈfʊʔbɔːl]
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /ˈfʊtbɑl/
  • IPA^(key): [fʷʊʔt̚bɑɫ]

名詞

football (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 footballs)

1. (general) A sport played on foot in which teams attempt to get a ball into a goal or zone defended by the other team.

   Roman and medieval football matches were more violent than any modern type of football.

2. (UK, uncountable) Association football: a game in which two teams each contend to get a round ball into the other team's goal primarily by kicking the ball. Known as soccer in Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

   Each team scored three goals when they played football.

3. (US, uncountable) American football: a game played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

   Each team scored two touchdowns when they played football.

4. (Canada, uncountable) Canadian football: a game played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

   They played football in the snow.

5. (Australia, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, uncountable) Australian rules football.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

6. (Ireland, uncountable) Gaelic football: a field game played with similar rules to hurling, but using hands and feet rather than a stick, and a ball, similar to, yet smaller than a soccer ball.
7. (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, uncountable) rugby league.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

8. (Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, uncountable) rugby union.
9. (countable) The ball used in any game called "football".

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:football

   The player kicked the football.

10. (uncountable) Practice of these particular games, or techniques used in them.
11. (figuratively, countable) An item of discussion, particularly in a back-and-forth manner

    That budget item became a political football.

12. (US military slang, countable) The leather briefcase containing classified nuclear war plans which is always near the US President.

    Synonyms: nuclear football, atomic football, black box, black bag

    Coordinate term: Cheget

    • 1994, Herbert L. Abrams, The President Has Been Shot: Confusion, Disability, and the 25th Amendment, Stanford University Press (→ISBN), page 126:

      The aide rides, along with the president's physician, in the “control car,” third in line in the motorcade. He is responsible for the football (または “black box” または “black bag”), a briefcase containing the codes and targeting information the president would require to order or authorize a nuclear attack.

    • 2020 June 23, John Bolton, The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 155:

      After the lunch broke, we walked to the Trump-Putin press conference, which started about 6 p.m. As Kelly observed to me at some point, there were now two military aides in the room, each carrying his country's nuclear football.

使用する際の注意点

In the US the term 'football' is used in almost all contexts to mean American Football, contrary to the UK, which calls 'Association Football' (soccer) football

下位語

派生語

関連する語

• foosball (from German: Fußball (Fussball), itself a calque of English: football)

派生した語

• → Czech: fotbal
• → Japanese: フットボール (futtobōru)
• → Korean: 풋볼 (putbol)
• → Maltese: futbol
• → Russian: футбо́л (futból) (see there for further descendants)
• → Spanish: fútbol
• → Portuguese: futebol
• → Romanian: fotbal
• → Thai: ฟุตบอล (fút-bɔn)
• → Turkish: futbol

動詞

football (三人称単数 現在形 footballs, 現在分詞 footballing, 過去形および過去分詞形 footballed)

1. (intransitive, rare) To play football.
   • 1969, Alec Hugh Chisholm, The Joy of the Earth (page 358)

     It was an announcement of the outbreak of what is now termed World War I. Some of us lads were footballing when we heard the news. It left us bewildered.

   • 2019, David Randall, Suburbia: A Far from Ordinary Place

     You walked up our road, passed the elms that bordered our park until Dutch disease killed them in the early 1970s, diagonally crossed its field where we footballed, turned right at the drinking fountain and cattle trough […]

参考

• Category:en:Football (soccer) for a list of terms used in football/soccer.

Further reading

• football on Wikipedia.
• football (word) on Wikipedia.
• American football on Wikipedia.
• nuclear football on Wikipedia.

参照