valueとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English valew, value, from Old French value, feminine past participle of valoir, from Latin valēre (“be strong, be worth”), from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”).

発音

• enPR: văl'ū, IPA^(key): /ˈvæl.juː/
• ハイフネーション: val‧ue
• 韻: -æljuː

名詞

value (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 values)

1. The quality (positive または negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.

   The Shakespearean Shylock is of dubious value in the modern world.

   Synonyms: worth; see also Thesaurus:value

   • 2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:

     United were value for their win and Rooney could have had a hat-trick before half-time, with Paul Scholes also striking the post in the second half.

2. (uncountable) The degree of importance given to something.

   The value of my children's happiness is second only to that of my wife.

   • 2016 October 16, “Third Parties”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 3, episode 26, HBO:

     Okay, for the record, and this is probably obvious, those three departments do actually do things of value, assuming that you find Pell grants, mortgage insurance, low-income housing programs, the National Weather Service, the Patent and Trademark Office, and the Census Bureau to be of some value. And if it comes as news to you that that’s what those departments do, well then, hi Gary, I’m excited you’re watching the show. Uh, quick piece of advice, please stop trying to fuck mountains!

3. That which is valued or highly esteemed, such as one's morals, morality, or belief system.

   He does not share his parents' values.

   family values

   • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:

     WikiLeaks did not cause these uprisings but it certainly informed them. The dispatches revealed details of corruption and kleptocracy that many Tunisians suspected, […]. They also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies.

4. The amount (of money または goods または services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else.
   • 1825, John Ramsay McCulloch, Principles of Political Economy:

     An article may be possessed of the highest degree of utility, or power to minister to our wants and enjoyments, and may be universally made use of, without possessing exchangeable value.

   • 1695, C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, John Dryden, transl., De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC:

     His design was not to pay him the value of his pictures, because they were above any price.

   • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.

5. (music) The relative duration of a musical note.

   The value of a crotchet is twice that of a quaver.

6. (art) The relative darkness or lightness of a color in (a specific area of) a painting etc.
   • 2006, Edith Anderson Feisner, Colour: How to Use Colour in Art and Design:

     When pigments of equal value are mixed together, the resulting color will be a darker value. This is the result of subtraction.

   • 2010, Rose Edin; Dee Jepsen, Color Harmonies: Paint Watercolors Filled with Light:

     Shadows and light move very quickly when you are painting on location. Use Cobalt Blue to quickly establish the painting's values.

7. (mathematics, physics) Any definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined.

   The exact value of pi cannot be represented in decimal notation.

8. Precise meaning; import.

   the value of a word; the value of a legal instrument

   • 1784-1810, William Mitford, The History of Greece

     Yet that learned and diligent annotator has , in a following note , shown his sense of the value of a passage of Livy , marking , in a few words , most strongly the desolation of Italy under the Roman republic

9. (in the plural) The valuable ingredients to be obtained by treating a mass or compound; specifically, the precious metals contained in rock, gravel, etc.

   The vein carries good values.

   the values on the hanging walls

10. (obsolete) Esteem; regard.
    • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Preface”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

      The French have a high value for them ; and I confess they are often what they call delicate

    • 1724, [Gilbert] Burnet, [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], editor, Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: […] Thomas Ward […], →OCLC:

      My relation to the person was so near, and my value for him so great.

11. (obsolete) Valour; also spelled valew.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

      And him with equall valew countervayld

同意語

• valence

下位語

• added value
• economic value
• face value
• intrinsic value
• lvalue
• market value
• note value
• par value
• rvalue
• time value

派生語

動詞

value (三人称単数 現在形 values, 現在分詞 valuing, 過去形および過去分詞形 valued)

1. To estimate the value of; judge the worth of something.
   • 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. […] But as a foundation for analysis it is highly subjective: it rests on difficult decisions about what counts as a territory, what counts as output and how to value it. Indeed, economists are still tweaking it.

   I will have the family jewels valued by a professional.

2. To fix or determine the value of; assign a value to, as of jewelry or art work.
3. To regard highly; think much of; place importance upon.

   Gold was valued highly among the Romans.

4. To hold dear.

   I value these old photographs.

同意語

• appreciate
• assess
• esteem
• prize
• rate
• respect
• treasure
• valuate
• worthen

反意語

• belittle
• derogate
• despise
• disesteem
• disrespect
• undervalue

参考

• value system

参照

• value at OneLook Dictionary Search
• value in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• “value”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “value”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• uveal