bidとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English bidden, from 古期英語 biddan (“to ask, demand”), from Proto-Germanic *bidjaną (“to ask”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰedʰ-. Conflated with 古期英語 bēodan (“to offer, announce”) (see Etymology 2 below). Compare West Frisian bidde, Low German bidden, Dutch bidden ("to pray"), German bitten, Danish bede, Norwegian Bokmål be.

動詞

bid (三人称単数 現在形 bids, 現在分詞 bidding, 過去形 bid または bade または bad, 過去分詞 bid または bidden)

1. (transitive) To issue a command; to tell.

   He bade me come in.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     Shylock: [...] Why Jessica, I say!
     Launcelot: Why, Jessica!
     Shylock: Who bids thee call? I do not bid thee call.
     Launcelot: Your worship was wont to tell me that I could do nothing without bidding.

2. (transitive) To invite; to summon.

   She was bidden to the wedding.

   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     Jessica: Call you? What is your will?
     Shylock: I am bid forth to supper, Jessica: / [...] But wherefore should I go? / I am not bid for love; they flatter me;

3. (transitive) To utter a greeting or salutation.
   • c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Portia: If I could bid the fifth welcome with so good heart as I / can bid the other four farewell, I should be glad of his / approach; […]

   • 1960 November, L. Hyland, “The Irish Scene”, in Trains Illustrated, page 691:

     The last train—a three-coach A.E.C. unit—from Belfast to Crumlin and back, was bade farewell with fog signals as it carried a capacity crowd of last-trip travellers.

使用する際の注意点

The inflected forms bade, bad, and bidden are becoming less common (outside certain set phrases like “bade farewell”) than uninflected bid.^[1]

派生語

語源 2

From Middle English beden, from 古期英語 bēodan (“to offer, announce”), from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“be awake, aware”). Conflated with 古期英語 biddan (“to ask, demand”) (see Etymology 1 above). Compare Low German beden, Dutch bieden, German bieten, Danish byde, Norwegian Bokmål by. More at bede.

動詞

bid (三人称単数 現在形 bids, 現在分詞 bidding, 過去形および過去分詞形 bid)

1. (intransitive) To make an offer to pay or accept a certain price.

   Have you ever bid in an auction?

2. (transitive) To offer as a price.

   She bid £2000 for the Persian carpet.

3. (intransitive) To make an attempt.

   He was bidding for the chance to coach his team to victory once again.

4. (transitive, intransitive, card games) To announce (one's goal), before starting play.
5. (obsolete) To proclaim (a bede, prayer); to pray.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     All night she spent in bidding of her bedes, / And all the day in doing good and godly deedes.

6. (transitive, intransitive, trucking) To take a particular route regularly.

   I can't believe he bid the Syracuse turn; that can be brutal in the winter!

派生語

• forbid
• misbid

名詞

bid (複数形 bids)

1. An offer at an auction, or to carry out a piece of work.

   His bid was $35,000.

   a bid for a lucrative transport contract

2. (ultimate frisbee) A (failed) attempt to receive or intercept a pass.

   Nice bid!

3. An attempt, effort, or pursuit (of a goal).

   Their efforts represented a sincere bid for success.

   She put in her bid for the presidency.

   He put in his bid for office.

   • 2012 May 13, Alistair Magowan, “Sunderland 0-1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Then, as the Sunderland fans' cheers bellowed around the stadium, United's title bid was over when it became apparent City had pinched a last-gasp winner to seal their first title in 44 years.

   • 1967, William F. Nolan and George Clayton Johnson, Logan's Run, May 1976 Bantam Books edition, →ISBN, page 16:

     [Running,] Doyle had passed up a dozen chances to go underground. He was swinging east again making another bid for Arcade.

4. (trucking) A particular route that a driver regularly takes from their domicile.

   I can't stand this new bid I'm on, even if the mileage is better.

5. (prison slang) A prison sentence.
   • 2007, Psych (TV series):

     "So we 'lawyered up'. That's how they say it in the bucket, son, where I did an eight-hour bid."

派生語

参照

アナグラム

• DBI, DIB, Dib, IBD, IDB, dib