crotchetとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English crochet, from Old French crochet (“small hook”), from croc + -et (diminutive suffix), from Old Norse krókr (“hook”). The musical note was named so because of a small hook on its stem in black notation (in modern notation this hook is on the quaver/eighth note). Doublet of crochet, crocket, and croquet.

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈkɹɑt͡ʃ.ɪt/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈkɹɒtʃ.ɪt/
• 韻: -ɒtʃɪt

名詞

crotchet (複数形 crotchets)

1. (music) A musical note one beat long in 4/4 time.

   Synonym: (米国用法) quarter note

   • 1920 August 27​, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “The Wind Blows”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, OCLC 561951956, pages 140–141:

     The crotchets and quavers are dancing up and down the stave like little black boys on a fence.

2. (obsolete) A sharp curve or crook; a shape resembling a hook
3. (surgery, now chiefly historical) A hook-shaped instrument, especially as used in obstetric surgery.
   • 1797, Hester Lynch Piozzi, Thraliana, 1 September:

     Either Doctor Denman or an old Woman would have waited—but since the horrid death-doing Crotchet has been found out, & its use permitted—Oh! many & many a Life has been flung away.

4. (archaic) A whim or a fancy.
   • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Democracy”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, OCLC 191225086, book III (The Modern Worker), page 124:

     Thou who walkest in a vain shew, looking out with ornamental dilettante sniff and serene supremacy at all Life and all Death; and amblest jauntily; perking up thy poor talk into crotchets, thy poor conduct into fatuous somnambulisms; [...] dost thou call that "liberty!"

   • 1847, Thomas De Quincey, Secret Societies (published in Tait's Edinburgh Magazine):

     He ruined himself and all that trusted in him by crotchets that he could never explain to any rational man.

5. A forked support; a crotch.
   • 1717, John Dryden, “Book VIII. [The Story of Baucis and Philemon.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 731548838, page 287:

     Their little Shed, ſcarce large enough for Two, / Seems, from the Ground increas'd, in Height and Bulk to grow. / A ſtately Temple ſhoots within the Skies, / The Crotchets of their Cot in Columns riſe: [...]

6. (military, historical) An indentation in the glacis of the covered way, at a point where a traverse is placed.
7. (military) The arrangement of a body of troops, either forward or rearward, so as to form a line nearly perpendicular to the general line of battle.
8. (printing) A square bracket.

派生語

• crotchet rest
• crotchety

動詞

crotchet (三人称単数 現在形 crotchets, 現在分詞 crotcheting, 過去形および過去分詞形 crotcheted)

1. (obsolete) to play music in measured time
   • a. 1631, J[ohn] Donne, Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, OCLC 1008264503: