habitとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English habit, from Latin habitus (“condition, bearing, state, appearance, dress, attire”), from habeō (“I have, hold, keep”). Replaced Middle English abit, from Old French abit, itself from the same Latin source. Displaced native 古期英語 þēaw.

名詞

habit (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 habits)

1. An action performed on a regular basis.

   Synonym: wont

   • 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:

     a man of very shy, retired habits

   • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

     Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

   It’s become a habit of mine to have a cup of coffee after dinner.

2. An action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness.

   By force of habit, he dressed for work even though it was holiday.

3. An addiction.

   He has a 10-cigar habit.

   kick the habit

   • 2000, “I'm With Stupid”, in WYSIWYG, performed by Chumbawamba:

     Another white boy band / They're happy on demand / Everything is planned / Until the singer gets a habit

派生語

関連する語

• exhibit
• habitual
• habituate
• habitus
• inhibit
• prohibit

語源 2

From Middle English habiten, from Old French habiter, from Latin habitāre, present active infinitive of habitō (“I dwell, abide, keep”), frequentative of habeō (“I have, hold, keep”); see have.

動詞

habit (三人称単数 現在形 habits, 現在分詞 habiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 habited)

1. (transitive) To clothe.
   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 132:

     Here I began my shopping, was interviewed by dressmakers, and naturally had much to do to habit myself for civilized life again.

2. (transitive, archaic) To inhabit.

名詞

habit (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 habits)

1. A long piece of clothing worn by monks and nuns.

   It’s interesting how Catholic and Buddhist monks both wear habits.

2. A piece of clothing worn for a specific activity; a uniform.
   • 2015, Alison Matthews David, Fashion Victims: The Damages of Dress Past and Present, →ISBN, page 34:

     Sidesaddle riding habits were prestigious tailored sportswear appropriate for the equestrian pursuits of the truly wealthy.

   The new riding habits of the team looked smashing!

3. (archaic) Outward appearance; attire; dress.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     Noble and milde this Perſean ſeemes to be,
     If outward habit Iudge the inward man.

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy.

   • 1705, J[oseph] Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy, &c. in the Years 1701, 1702, 1703, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

     There are, among the statues, several of Venus, in different habits.

   • 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:

     […] it was always my fate to choose for the worse, so I did here; for having money in my pocket and good clothes upon my back, I would always go on board in the habit of a gentleman; and so I neither had any business in the ship, or learned to do any.

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Emperor of Lilliput, Attended by Several of the Nobility, Come to See the Author in His Confinement. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page 30:

     There were ſeveral of his Prieſts and Lawyers preſent, (as I conjectured by their habits) who were commanded to addreſs themſelves to me, and I ſpoke to them in as many Languages as I had the leaſt ſmattering of, which were High and Low Dutch, Latin, French, Spaniſh, Italian, and Lingua Franca; but all to no purpoſe.

4. (botany, mineralogy) Form of growth or general appearance and structure of a variety or species of plant or crystal.

関連する語

• habitat
• habitation

Further reading

• “habit”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “habit”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• Ba'thi