habitとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English habit, from Latin habitus (“condition, bearing, state, appearance, dress, attire”), from habeō (“I have, hold, keep”). Replaced Middle English abit, from Old French abit, itself from the same Latin source. Displaced native 古期英語 þēaw.

名詞

habit (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 habits)

1. An action performed on a regular basis.

   Synonym: wont

   • 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], OCLC 864083:

     a man of very shy, retired habits

   • 2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

     Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits.  ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

   It’s become a habit of mine to have a cup of coffee after dinner.

2. An action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness.

   By force of habit, he dressed for work even though it was holiday.

3. A long piece of clothing worn by monks and nuns.

   It’s interesting how Catholic and Buddhist monks both wear habits.

4. A piece of clothing worn uniformly for a specific activity.
   • 2015, Alison Matthews David, Fashion Victims: The Damages of Dress Past and Present, →ISBN, page 34:

     Sidesaddle riding habits were prestigious tailored sportswear appropriate for the equestrian pursuits of the truly wealthy.

   The new riding habits of the team looked smashing!

5. (archaic) Outward appearance; attire; dress.
   • c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy.

   • 1705 (revised 1718), Joseph Addison, Remarks on Several Parts of Italy

     There are, among the statues, several of Venus, in different habits.

   • 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe:

     […] it was always my fate to choose for the worse, so I did here; for having money in my pocket and good clothes upon my back, I would always go on board in the habit of a gentleman; and so I neither had any business in the ship, or learned to do any.

6. (botany, mineralogy) Form of growth or general appearance of a variety or species of plant or crystal.
7. An addiction.

   He has a 10-cigar habit.

関連する語

• exhibit
• habitual
• habituate
• habitus
• inhibit
• prohibit

派生語

• eating habit

語源 2

From Middle English habiten, from Old French habiter, from Latin habitāre, present active infinitive of habitō (“I dwell, abide, keep”), frequentative of habeō (“I have, hold, keep”); see have.

動詞

habit (三人称単数 現在形 habits, 現在分詞 habiting, 過去形および過去分詞形 habited)

1. (transitive) To clothe.
2. (transitive, archaic) To inhabit.

関連する語

• habitat
• habitation

Further reading

• habit in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• habit in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911.