valenceとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

Sense 1.1 (“combining capacity of an atom”) and sense 3 (“one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, または state”) are borrowed from German Valenz + English -ence (suffix meaning ‘having the condition または state of’). Valenz is a clipping of Quantivalenz (“(古風な用法) valence in chemistry”), from English quantivalence, from Latin quantus (“how much”) + English -i- (interfix inserted between morphemes of Latin origin for ease of pronunciation) + Latin valentia (“bodily strength; health; vigour”) (whence Late Middle English valence (“medicinal preparation made from plants”);^[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule; powerful, strong”)).^[2] Quantivalence was coined by F. O. Ward who communicated it to the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann (1818–1892), leading him to coin the German word Quantivalenz.^[3]

Sense 2 (“number of arguments a verb can have”) was formed by analogy to the use of the word in chemistry: see above.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈveɪləns/
• Rhymes: -eɪləns
• Hyphenation: val‧ence

名詞

valence (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 valences)

1. (countable, chemistry)
   2. The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]

      Synonyms: (historical) atomicity, (historical) quantivalence, (historical) quantivalency, valency

   3. The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
3. (countable, linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four.

   Synonym: valency

   In this assignment you will analyze each of the following sentences and determine the valence of the highlighted verb.

5. (uncountable, especially psychology) A one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive (causing a feeling of attraction) or negative (repulsion). [from early 20th c.]

   anger and fear have negative valence

6. (uncountable, sociology) The value which a person places on something.

別の表記

• valency (chiefly Britain)

派生語

関連する語

• quantivalence
• valent
• -valent

参考

• (number of arguments that a verb can have): ambitransitivity, ditransitivity, intransitivity, transitivity

語源 2

A variant of valance.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈvæl(ə)ns/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈvæləns/
• Rhymes: -æləns
• Hyphenation: val‧ence

名詞

valence (複数形 valences)

1. Alternative spelling of valance

参照

Further reading

• expectancy theory on Wikipedia.
• valence (chemistry) on Wikipedia.
• valence (psychology) on Wikipedia.
• valency (linguistics) on Wikipedia.
• valence (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.
• Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “valence”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

アナグラム

• enclave