actualとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈækt͡ʃuəl/, /ˈækt͡ʃəl/, /ˈækʃuəl/, /ˈækʃəl/
• (dated, Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈæktj(ʊ)əl/
• 韻: -æktʃuəl

形容詞

actual (not comparable)

1. (chiefly theology) relating to a person's acts or deeds; active, practical [from 14th c.]
   • c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene i]:

     In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and other actuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard her say?

   • 1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:

     Let your holy and pious intention be actual; that is […] by a special prayer or action, […] given to God.

   • 1946, The American Ecclesiastical Review, vol. 114:

     Apparently, the holy Doctor was referring to actual, rather than original, sin; yet the basis of his argument for Mary's holiness, the divine maternity, would logically lead to the conclusion that she was free from original sin also.

2. Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     The original family who had begun to build a palace to rival Nonesuch had died out before they had put up little more than the gateway, so that the actual structure which had come down to posterity retained the secret magic of a promise rather than the overpowering splendour of a great architectural achievement.

   • 2013 June 7, Gary Younge, “Hypocrisy lies at heart of Manning prosecution”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 18:

     They also exposed the blatant discrepancy between the west's professed values and actual foreign policies.

   the actual cost of goods;  the actual case under discussion

   The actual government expenses dramatically exceed the budget.

   Synonym: real

   Antonyms: potential, possible, virtual, speculative, conceivable, theoretical, nominal, hypothetical, estimated

3. (now rare) in action at the time being; now existing; current. [from 18th c.]
   • 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the revolution in France:

     If this be your actual situation, compared to the situation to which you were called, as it were by the voice of God and man, I cannot find it in my heart to congratulate you on the choice you have made, or the success which has attended your endeavours.

   • c. 1793, Edward Gibbon, Memoirs of My Life, Penguin 1990, p. 85:

     To my actual feelings it seems incredible that I could ever believe that I believed in Transubstantiation!

4. Used as intensifier to emphasise a following noun; exact, specific, very. [from 18th c.]
   • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     [H]ow the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure. Yet this is the level of organisation that does the actual thinking—and is, presumably, the seat of consciousness.

   Synonym: present

   Antonyms: future, past

使用する際の注意点

• In most Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages the cognate of actual means “current”. This meaning has also been used in English since the sixteenth century but is now rare due to a semantic shift.
• The phrase in actual fact has been proscribed by some prescriptivist sources as redundant.^[1]

同意語

• positive

派生語

関連する語

名詞

actual (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 actuals)

1. an actual, real one; notably:
   1. (finance) something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.
   2. (military) a radio callsign modifier that specifies the commanding officer of the unit or asset denoted by the remainder of the callsign and not the officer's assistant or other designee.

      Bravo Six Actual, this is Charlie One. Come in, over. (The radio operator is requesting to speak to the commander of the unit under the call sign "Bravo Six", as opposed to any available member of the unit.)

2. (uncountable) Reality, usually with the definite article.
   • 1837, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Ethel Churchill, volume 1, page 161:

     There was that desolate air about the chamber which is peculiar to an ill-furnished London room: cities need luxuries, were it only to conceal the actual.

参考

• certain
• genuine

参照

Further reading

• “actual” in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “actual” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

アナグラム

• acault