surplusとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈsɝˌplʌs/, /ˈsɝpləs/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈsɜːpləs/
  • ハイフネーション: sur‧plus

名詞

surplus (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 surpluses または surplusses)

1. That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
2. Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.
3. (law) The remainder of a fund appropriated for a particular purpose.
4. (law) assets left after liabilities and debts, including capital stock have been deducted.

同意語

• oversum

反意語

• lack
• deficit
• shortage

形容詞

surplus (not comparable)

1. Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.

   surplus population

   surplus words

   The latest shipment of goods is surplus to our needs.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt

     But to return to where we left her, I see her still, propped up in a kind of stupor against one of the walls in which this wretched edifice abounds, her long grey greasy hair framing in its cowl of scrofulous mats a face where pallor, languor, hunger, acne, recent dirt, immemorial chagrin and surplus hair seemed to dispute the mastery.

   • 2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist‎^[1], volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):

     An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine.

動詞

surplus (三人称単数 現在形 surpluses または surplusses, 現在分詞 surplussing または surplusing, 過去形および過去分詞形 surplussed または surplused)

1. (transitive) To treat as surplus to requirements; to sell off or dismiss from employment, etc.
   • 1952, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations, Moroccan air base construction. 2 v (page 618)

     This employee was engaged to direct asphalt plants and inasmuch as the work for which he had been employed was completed, he was surplused and his return travel was approved […]

アナグラム

• upslurs