chagrinとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• chagrine (廃れた用法)

語源

From French chagrin (“sorrow”), from Middle French chagrin (“pain, affliction”) (compare Middle French chagriner, chagrigner (“to experience sorrow”), Old French chagrin (“painful, afflicted”)), probably derived from Old Northern French chagreiner, chagraigner (“to sadden”)^[1], of uncertain origin. Likely an enlargement of Old French greignier, graignier (“to cringe, growl, be sullen, be angry, grieve over”)^[2], from Old French graigne (“sadness, resentment, grief”), from graim (“sorrowful”), related to Old High German gram (“furious, gloomy, grieved”)^[3]. The initial syllable is obscure. It may represent Old French chat (“cat”) to express the idea of "lamenting or yowling like cats" (compare German Katzenjammer (“distress, frustration, depression, chagrin”, literally “cat-wailing, cat-misery”), katzbalgen (“to cat-fight”))^[4].

An alternative theory is that it came from a metaphorical use of French chagrin, (peau de) chagrain (“a type of roughened leather”),^[5] with the connection of roughness, though some dictionaries consider this to be a separate word derived from Old French peau de sagrin, from Ottoman Turkish sağrı (“the rump of an animal, skin for tawing”). The alteration of initial s to ch is likely due to influence from chagrin meaning "sorrow".

発音

• (英国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/
• (米国発音) enPR: shə-grĭn', IPA^(key): /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/
• 韻: (英国発音) -æɡɹɪn, (米国発音) -ɪn

名詞

chagrin (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 chagrins)

1. Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.

   Synonyms: disquiet, fretfulness, mortification, peevishness, vexation

   • 1876, Louisa May Alcott, Rose In Bloom, ch. 8:

     [H]e alone knew how deep was the deluded man's chagrin at the failure of the little plot which he fancied was prospering finely.

   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 1, in The Tragedy in Dartmoor Terrace‎^[2]:

     “Mrs. Yule's chagrin and horror at what she called her son's base ingratitude knew no bounds ; at first it was even thought that she would never get over it. […]”

   • 2019 May 5, Danette Chavez, “Campaigns are Waged On and Off the Game Of Thrones Battlefield (Newbies)”, in The A.V. Club‎^[3], archived from the original on 28 January 2021:

     And even though their numbers have been halved—that’s the unofficial tally given in one of the strategy sessions—everyone from Sansa to Daenerys to Varys is wondering who is going to rule over which pile of smoking ruins. That’s when the campaigning begins, much to Jon and Dany’s chagrin.

2. A type of leather or skin with a rough surface.^[6]

   Synonym: shagreen

使用する際の注意点

Often used in the form to one’s chagrin.

派生語

• shagreen

参考

• disgust
• disappointment

動詞

chagrin (三人称単数 現在形 chagrins, 現在分詞 chagrining または chagrinning, 過去形および過去分詞形 chagrined または chagrinned)

1. (transitive) To bother or vex; to mortify.
   • 1683, Daniel Defoe (attributed translator), An Account of Monsieur De Quesne’s Late Expedition at Chio, London: Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, p. 50,^[4]

     But since this Infidel Minister knows the folly of these Brags; which he sees destroy’d by the Relations Printed in other Countries: They serve only, for a Subject to augment his Pride; and gives him a Pleasure, the mor to Chagrine and Mortifie the French Ambassador.

   • 1748, Laetitia Pilkington, Memoirs, Dublin, Volume 3, p. 75,^[5]

     […] though you send at any Time, and even received an unmannerly Answer, do not let a rash Pride drive you to return the Affront, since it is impossible for you to know what at that Instant had chagrin’d their Temper.

   • 1764, William Shenstone, “The Progress of Taste,” Part I, in The Works in Verse and Prose of William Shenstone, London: R. & J. Dodsley, Volume I, p. 265,^[6]

     But friends and fav’rites, to chagrin them,

     Find counties, countries, seas, between them:

     Meet once a year, then part, and then

     Retiring, wish to meet again.

   • 1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, North and South, Chapter 40,^[7]

     He felt pretty sure that, if this interview took place, his mother's account of what passed at it would only annoy and chagrin him, though he would all the time be aware of the colouring which it received by passing through her mind.

   • 1970, Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eye, New York: Pocket Books, 1972, “Autumn,” p. 23,^[8]

     She would go on like that for hours, connecting one offense to another until all of the things that chagrined her were spewed out.

2. (reflexive, obsolete, rare) To be vexed or annoyed.
   • 1760, Arthur Murphy, The Way to Keep Him, London: P. Vaillant, Act I, Scene 1, p. 8,^[9]

     Dear Ma’am, why will you chagrine yourself about a vile Man, that is not worth,—no, as I live and breathe,—not worth a single Sigh?—

使用する際の注意点

The verb form is now mainly used in the passive voice.

派生語

• chagrined
• chagrining

形容詞

chagrin (comparative more chagrin, superlative most chagrin)

1. (obsolete) Feeling chagrin; annoyed; vexed, fretful.[17^th to 18^th centuries.]^[7]
   • 1673, John Dryden, Marriage a-la-mode, London: Henry Herringman, Act III, Scene 1, p. 33,^[10]

     Dear, my dear, pity me; I am so chagrin to day, and have had the most signal affront at Court!

   • 1718, Daniel Defoe, The Family Instructor, London: Emanuel Matthews, Volume 2, Dialogue 5, p. 390,^[11]

     […] instead of rejoycing at this Prosperity of his Family, which a true Father of his Children would have esteem’d his own, a Spirit of Envy and Discontent seized him, and he went away chagrine and melancholy.

   • 1728, Henry Fielding, Love in Several Masques, Act V, Scene 3, in The Works of Henry Fielding, Esq, London: W. Strahan et al., 1784, Volume I, p. 174,^[12]

     I wou’d not have your ladyship chagrin at my bride’s expression […]

   • 1758, “Captain T—of BATTEREAU’s Regiment in the Isle of SKIE to Captain P— at Fort AUGUSTUS” in Robert Dodsley (ed.), A Collection of Poems in Six Volumes, London: R. & J. Dodsley, p. 243,^[13]

     All pensive, heartless, and chagrine

     I sit, devoted prey to spleen;

同意語

• chagrined

参照

アナグラム

• Charing, arching, chargin', charing