driveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English driven, from 古期英語 drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“support, hold”).

発音

• enPR: drīv, IPA^(key): /dɹaɪv/
• IPA^(key): [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv], [dʒɹaɪv]
• 韻: -aɪv

名詞

drive (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 drives)

2. Planned, usually long-lasting, effort to achieve something; ability coupled with ambition, determination, and motivation.

   Synonyms: ambition, grit, push, verve, motivation, get-up-and-go, self-motivation

   Antonyms: inertia, lack of motivation, laziness, phlegm, sloth

   • 1986, Fred Matheny, Solo Cycling: How to Train and Race Bicycle Time Trials, page 136:

     I confess that the sight of my minute man ahead, getting closer and closer, gives me a little more drive even when I think I am going as fast as I can.

   Crassus had wealth and wit, but Pompey had drive and Caesar as much again.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; especially, a forced or hurried dispatch of business.
   • 1881, Matthew Arnold, The Incompatibles:

     The Murdstonian drive in business.

4. An act of driving (prompting) game animals forward, to be captured or hunted.
   • 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 79:

     Are you all ready?’ he cried, and set off towards the dead ash where the drive would begin.

5. An act of driving (prompting) livestock animals forward, to transport a herd.

   Synonym: drove

6. (military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take a strategic objective.

   Synonyms: attack, push

   Napoleon's drive on Moscow was as determined as it was disastrous.

   • 1941 August, Charles E. Lee, “Railways of Italian East Africa—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

     On the other hand, in Eritrea (once our Forces had recaptured Kassala on January 19) the drive was generally eastward towards the capital, Asmara, and the Red Sea port of Massaua.

7. A mechanism used to power or give motion to a vehicle or other machine or machine part.

   Synonyms: gear, engine, [Term?], motor

   a typical steam drive

   a nuclear drive

   chain drive

   front-wheel drive

   Some old model trains have clockwork drives.

   • 2001, Michael Hereward Westbrook, The Electric Car, IET, →ISBN, page 146:

     Heat engine-electric hybrid vehicles : The hybrid vehicle on which most development work has been done to date is the one that couples a heat engine with an electric drive system. The objective remains the same as it was in 1900:

8. A trip made in a vehicle (now generally in a motor vehicle).

   Synonyms: ride, spin, trip

   It was a long drive.

   • 1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White‎^[1]:

     We merely waited to rouse good Mrs. Vesey from the place which she still occupied at the deserted luncheon-table, before we entered the open carriage for our promised drive.

9. A driveway.

   Synonyms: approach, driveway

   The mansion had a long, tree-lined drive.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.

10. A type of public roadway.

    Synonyms: avenue, boulevard, road, street

    Beverly Hills’ most famous street is Rodeo Drive.

11. (dated) A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.
12. (psychology) Desire or interest.

    Synonyms: desire, impetus, impulse, urge

    • 1995 March 2, John Carman, "Believe It, You Saw It in Sweeps", SFGate [2]

      On the latter show, former Playboy Playmate Carrie Westcott said she'd never met a man who could match her sexual drive.

13. (computer hardware) An apparatus for reading and writing data to or from a mass storage device such as a disk.

    Synonym: disk drive

    Hyponym: floppy drive

14. (computer hardware) A mass storage device in which the mechanism for reading and writing data is integrated with the mechanism for storing data.

    Hyponyms: hard drive, flash drive

15. (golf) A stroke made with a driver.
17. (baseball, tennis) A ball struck in a flat trajectory.
18. (cricket) A type of shot played by swinging the bat in a vertical arc, through the line of the ball, and hitting it along the ground, normally between cover and midwicket.
19. (soccer) A straight level shot or pass.
    • 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

      And after Rodallega missed two early opportunities, the first a header, the second a low drive easily held by Lukasz Fabianski, it was N'Zogbia who created the opening goal.

20. (米国用法 football) An offensive possession, generally one consisting of several plays and/ or first downs, often leading to a scoring opportunity.
21. A charity event such as a fundraiser, bake sale, or toy drive.

    a whist drive

    a beetle drive

22. (retail) A campaign aimed at selling more of a certain product, e.g. by offering a discount.

    vaccination drive

23. (typography) An impression or matrix formed by a punch drift.
24. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river.

使用する際の注意点

• In connection with a mass-storage device, originally the word "drive" referred solely to the reading and writing mechanism. For the storage device itself, the word "disk" or "disc" (depending on the type of device) was used instead. This remains a valid distinction for components such as floppy drives or CD drives, in which the drive and the disk are separate and independent items. For other devices, such as hard disks and flash drives, the reading, writing and storage components are combined into an integrated whole, and cannot be separated without destroying the device. In these cases, the words "disk" and "drive" are used interchangeably.

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