driveとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English driven, from 古期英語 drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“support, hold”).

発音

• enPR: drīv, IPA^(key): /dɹaɪv/
• IPA^(key): [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv]
• 韻: -aɪv

名詞

drive (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 drives)

2. Motivation to do or achieve something; ability coupled with ambition.

   Synonyms: ambition, enthusiasm, get-up-and-go, motivation, self-motivation, verve

   Antonyms: inertia, lack of motivation, laziness, phlegm, sloth

   • 1986, Fred Matheny, Solo Cycling: How to Train and Race Bicycle Time Trials, page 136:

     I confess that the sight of my minute man ahead, getting closer and closer, gives me a little more drive even when I think I am going as fast as I can.

   Crassus had wealth and wit, but Pompey had drive and Caesar as much again.

3. Violent or rapid motion; a rushing onward or away; especially, a forced or hurried dispatch of business.
   • 1881, Matthew Arnold, The Incompatibles

     The Murdstonian drive in business.

4. An act of driving (prompting) game animals forward, to be captured or hunted.
   • 1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate 2012, page 79:

     Are you all ready?’ he cried, and set off towards the dead ash where the drive would begin.

5. An act of driving (prompting) livestock animals forward, to transport a herd.

   Synonym: drove

6. (military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take a strategic objective.

   Synonyms: attack, push

   Napoleon's drive on Moscow was as determined as it was disastrous.

   • 1941 August, Charles E. Lee, “Railways of Italian East Africa—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

     On the other hand, in Eritrea (once our Forces had recaptured Kassala on January 19) the drive was generally eastward towards the capital, Asmara, and the Red Sea port of Massaua.

7. A mechanism used to power or give motion to a vehicle or other machine or machine part.

   Synonyms: engine, mechanism, motor

   a typical steam drive

   a nuclear drive

   chain drive

   front-wheel drive

   Some old model trains have clockwork drives.

   • 2001, Michael Hereward Westbrook, The Electric Car, IET (→ISBN), page 146:

     Heat engine-electric hybrid vehicles : The hybrid vehicle on which most development work has been done to date is the one that couples a heat engine with an electric drive system. The objective remains the same as it was in 1900:

8. A trip made in a vehicle (now generally in a motor vehicle).

   Synonyms: ride, spin, trip

   It was a long drive.

   • 1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White:

     We merely waited to rouse good Mrs. Vesey from the place which she still occupied at the deserted luncheon-table, before we entered the open carriage for our promised drive.

9. A driveway.

   Synonyms: approach, driveway

   The mansion had a long, tree-lined drive.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine. We passed on the way the van of the guests from Asquith.

10. A type of public roadway.

    Synonyms: avenue, boulevard, road, street

    Beverly Hills’ most famous street is Rodeo Drive.

11. (dated) A place suitable or agreeable for driving; a road prepared for driving.
12. (psychology) Desire or interest.

    Synonyms: desire, impetus, impulse, urge

    • 1995 March 2, John Carman, "Believe It, You Saw It in Sweeps", SFGate [1]

      On the latter show, former Playboy Playmate Carrie Westcott said she'd never met a man who could match her sexual drive.

13. (computer hardware) An apparatus for reading and writing data to or from a mass storage device such as a disk.

    Synonym: disk drive

    Hyponym: floppy drive

14. (computer hardware) A mass storage device in which the mechanism for reading and writing data is integrated with the mechanism for storing data.

    Hyponyms: hard drive, flash drive

15. (golf) A stroke made with a driver.
17. (baseball, tennis) A ball struck in a flat trajectory.
18. (cricket) A type of shot played by swinging the bat in a vertical arc, through the line of the ball, and hitting it along the ground, normally between cover and midwicket.
19. (soccer) A straight level shot or pass.
    • 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

      And after Rodallega missed two early opportunities, the first a header, the second a low drive easily held by Lukasz Fabianski, it was N'Zogbia who created the opening goal.

20. (米国用法 football) An offensive possession, generally one consisting of several plays and/ or first downs, often leading to a scoring opportunity.
21. A charity event such as a fundraiser, bake sale, or toy drive.

    a whist drive

    a beetle drive

22. (retail) A campaign aimed at selling more of a certain product, e.g. by offering a discount.

    vaccination drive

23. (typography) An impression or matrix formed by a punch drift.
24. A collection of objects that are driven; a mass of logs to be floated down a river.

使用する際の注意点

• In connection with a mass-storage device, originally the word "drive" referred solely to the reading and writing mechanism. For the storage device itself, the word "disk" or "disc" (depending on the type of device) was used instead. This remains a valid distinction for components such as floppy drives or CD drives, in which the drive and the disk are separate and independent items. For other devices, such as hard disks and flash drives, the reading, writing and storage components are combined into an integrated whole, and cannot be separated without destroying the device. In these cases, the words "disk" and "drive" are used interchangeably.

下位語

派生語

動詞

drive (third-person singular simple present drives, present participle driving, simple past drove or (古風な用法) drave or (dialectal) driv, past participle driven or (dialectal) druv)

1. (transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or other physical change, to move an object by means of the provision of force thereto.

   You drive nails into wood with a hammer.

2. (transitive) To provide an impetus for a non-physical change, especially a change in one's state of mind.

   My husband's constant harping about the condition of the house threatens to drive me to distraction.

3. To displace either physically or non-physically, through the application of force.
   • c. 1608–1609, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene vii]:

     One fire drives out one fire; one nail, one nail;
     Rights by rights falter, strengths by strengths do fail.

4. To cause intrinsic motivation through the application or demonstration of force: to impel or urge onward thusly, to compel to move on, to coerce, intimidate or threaten.
   • 1881, Benjamin Jowett (translator), Thucydides [History of the Peloponnesian War], Oxford: Clarendon, Volume I, Book 4, p. 247,^[2]

     […] Demosthenes desired them first to put in at Pylos and not to proceed on their voyage until they had done what he wanted. They objected, but it so happened that a storm came on and drove them into Pylos.

5. (transitive) (especially of animals) To impel or urge onward by force; to push forward; to compel to move on.

   to drive twenty thousand head of cattle from Texas to the Kansas railheads; to drive sheep out of a field

6. (transitive, intransitive) To direct a vehicle powered by a horse, ox or similar animal.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene vi]:

     There is a litter ready; lay him in’t
     And drive towards Dover, friend, where thou shalt meet
     Both welcome and protection.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

     We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

7. (transitive) To cause animals to flee out of.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

   The beaters drove the brambles, causing a great rush of rabbits and other creatures.

8. (transitive) To move (something) by hitting it with great force.

   You drive nails into wood with a hammer.

9. (transitive) To cause (a mechanism) to operate.

   The pistons drive the crankshaft.

10. (transitive, ergative) To operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle).

    drive a car

    This SUV drives like a car.

11. (transitive, slang, aviation) To operate (an aircraft).

    drive a 737

12. (transitive) To motivate; to provide an incentive for.

    What drives a person to run a marathon?

13. (transitive) To compel (to do something).

    Their debts finally drove them to sell the business.

14. (transitive) To cause to become.
    • 1855, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Maud, XXV, 1. in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 90,^[3]

      And then to hear a dead man chatter

      Is enough to drive one mad.

    • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., OCLC 222716698:

      One morning I had been driven to the precarious refuge afforded by the steps of the inn, after rejecting offers from the Celebrity to join him in a variety of amusements. But even here I was not free from interruption, for he was seated on a horse-block below me, playing with a fox terrier.

    This constant complaining is going to drive me to insanity.   You are driving me crazy!

16. (intransitive, cricket, tennis, baseball) To hit the ball with a drive.
17. (intransitive) To travel by operating a wheeled motorized vehicle.

    I drive to work every day.

18. (transitive) To convey (a person, etc.) in a wheeled motorized vehicle.

    My cousin drove me to the airport.

19. (intransitive) To move forcefully.
    • c. 1599–1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:

      […] Unequal match’d,
      Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage strikes wide;

    • 1697, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432, line 146-148:

      Thus while the Pious Prince his Fate bewails,
      Fierce Boreas drove against his flying Sails.
      And rent the Sheets […]

    • 1833, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters” in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 113,^[4]

      Time driveth onward fast,

      And in a little while our lips are dumb.

    • 1855, William H[ickling] Prescott, chapter 1, in History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, OCLC 645131689, book I, page 7:

      Charles, ill in body and mind, and glad to escape from his enemies under cover of the night and a driving tempest, was at length compelled to sign the treaty of Passau […]

    • 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

      The impressive Frenchman drove forward with purpose down the right before cutting infield and darting in between Vassiriki Diaby and Koscielny.

20. (intransitive) To be moved or propelled forcefully (especially of a ship).
    • c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […]‎^[5], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon,  […], published 1609, OCLC 78596089, [Act III, Prologue]:

      […] as a duck for life that dives,
      So up and down the poor ship drives:

    • 1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, p. 12,^[6]

      […] the Captain […] order’d the Cable to be cut, and let the Ship drive nearer the Land, where she soon beat to pieces:

21. (transitive) To urge, press, or bring to a point or state.
    • c. 1580, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “[The Second Booke] Chapter 19”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Covntesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, OCLC 801077108; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, OCLC 318419127, page 186:

      He driuen to dismount, threatned, if I did not the like, to doo as much for my horse, as Fortune had done for his.

    • 1591, William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene iv]:

      But darkness and the gloomy shade of death
      Environ you, till mischief and despair
      Drive you to break your necks or hang yourselves!

    • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

      And now we're waiting for the very same people to establish GBR, drive through urgently needed fares reform, and come up with imaginative and effective train operating contracts...

22. (transitive) To carry or to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute.
    • 1694, Jeremy Collier, Miscellanies in Five Essays, London: Sam. Keeble & Jo. Hindmarsh, “Of General Kindness,” p. 69,^[7]

      You know the Trade of Life can’t be driven without Partners; there is a reciprocal Dependance between the Greatest and the Least.

23. (transitive) To clear, by forcing away what is contained.
    • 1697, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in Virgil; John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432, line 744-745:

      We come not with design of wastful Prey,
      To drive the Country, force the Swains away:

24. (mining) To dig horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel.
    • 1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures

      If the miners find no ore, they drive or cut a gallery from the pit a short distance at right angles to the direction of the lodes found

25. (米国用法 football) To put together a drive (n.): to string together offensive plays and advance the ball down the field.
26. (obsolete) To distrain for rent.
27. (transitive) To separate the lighter (feathers または down) from the heavier, by exposing them to a current of air.
28. To be the dominant party in a sex act. (Can we add an example for this sense?)