desertとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /dɪˈzɜːt/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /dɪˈzɝt/, /dəˈzɝt/
  • Homophone: dessert
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t

名詞

desert (複数形 deserts)

2. (usually in the plural) That which is deserved or merited; a just punishment or reward.
   • 1600, John Dowland, Flow My Tears

     From the highest spire of contentment / my fortune is thrown; / and fear and grief and pain for my deserts / are my hopes, since hope is gone.

   • 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 17”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, OCLC 216596634:

     Who will believe my verse in time to come,
     If it were fill'd with your most high deserts?

   • 1897, Bram Stoker, chapter 21, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, OCLC 688657546:

     "Nonsense, Mina. It is a shame to me to hear such a word. I would not hear it of you. And I shall not hear it from you. May God judge me by my deserts, and punish me with more bitter suffering than even this hour, if by any act or will of mine anything ever come between us!"

   • July 4, 1789, Alexander Hamilton, Eulogium on Major-General Greene

     His reputation falls far below his desert.

   • 1971 John Rawls, A Theory of Justice

     "It is true that certain common sense precepts of justice, particularly those which concern the protection of liberties and rights, or which express the claims of desert, seem to contradict this contention."

使用する際の注意点

Sometimes confused with dessert, especially in set phrases such as just deserts.

派生語

• just deserts

語源 2

From Middle English desert (“wilderness”), from Old French desert, from Latin dēsertum, past participle of dēserō (“to abandon”). Displaced native 古期英語 wēsten.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈdɛzət/
• (General American) enPR: dĕ'zə(r)t, IPA^(key): /ˈdɛzɚt/
• (Appalachians, 廃れた用法) enPR: dəzärt', IPA^(key): /dəˈzɑɹt/^[1]

名詞

desert (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 deserts)

A desert on Mars

1. A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.
   • 1713, Alexander Pope, “Windsor-Forest. […]”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, OCLC 43265629:

     Not thus the land appear'd in ages past, / A dreary desert and a gloomy waste.

   • 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:

     The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.

2. (figuratively) Any barren place or situation.
   • 1858, William Howitt, Land, Labour, and Gold; Or, Two Years in Victoria (page 54)

     He declared that the country was an intellectual desert; that he was famishing for spiritual aliment, and for discourse on matters beyond mere nuggets, prospectings, and the price of gold.

   • 1964 March, “News and Comment: Which way to the West?”, in Modern Railways, page 147:

     By contrast, the WR route is an economic desert between Newbury and Taunton.

   • 2006, Philip N. Cooke, Creative Industries in Wales: Potential and Pitfalls (page 34)

     So the question that is commonly asked is, why put a media incubator in a media desert and have it managed by a civil servant?

関連する語

形容詞

desert (not comparable)

1. Usually of a place: abandoned, deserted, or uninhabited.

   They were marooned on a desert island in the Pacific.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Mark vi:31:

     And he said vnto them, Come yee your selues apart into a desert place, and rest a while. For there were many comming and going, and they had no leisure so much as to eate.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Luke ix:10:

     He […] went aside privately into a desert place.

   • 1697, Virgil, “The Eighth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 403869432, lines 252–255, page 441:

     See, from afar, yon Rock that mates the Sky, / About whoſe Feet ſuch Heaps of Rubbiſh lye: / Such indigeſted Ruin; bleak and bare, / How deſart now it ſtands, expos'd in Air!

   • 1750, Thomas Gray, "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", Stanza 14:

     Full many a flower is born to blush unseen, / And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

派生語

参照

語源 3

Borrowed from French déserter, from Late Latin desertō, from Latin desertus, from deserō (“abandon”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /dɪˈzɜːt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /dɪˈzɝt/, /dəˈzɝt/

動詞

desert (三人称単数 現在形 deserts, 現在分詞 deserting, 過去形および過去分詞形 deserted)

1. To leave (anything that depends on one's presence to survive, exist, または succeed), especially when contrary to a promise or obligation; to abandon; to forsake.

   You can't just drive off and desert me here, in the middle of nowhere.

2. To leave one's duty or post, especially to leave a military or naval unit without permission.

   Anyone found deserting will be punished.

派生語

アナグラム

• Deters, deters, rested