abandonとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”), from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus, bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (whence English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.

Displaced 中期英語 forleten (“to abandon”), from 古期英語 forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and 中期英語 forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from 古期英語 forlǣfan; see forleave.

動詞

abandon (third-person singular simple present abandons, present participle abandoning, simple past and past participle abandoned)

1. (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
   • 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:

     […] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.

2. (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
   • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

     In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]   The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

3. (transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15 century.]

   Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.

   He was abandoned on the island with no one to help him.

   She abandoned her husband for a new man.

   • 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening‎, page 3:

     Hope was overthrown, and yet could not be abandoned.

4. (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16 century.]
5. (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16 century until the mid 17 century.]
   • 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, act I, scene ii:

     Being all this time abandoned from your bed.

6. (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18 century.]

   I hereby abandon my position as manager.

7. (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.

Conjugation

同意語

反意語

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 abandoun, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.

名詞

abandon (countable and uncountable, plural abandons)

1. A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.] (Now especially in the phrase with abandon.)

   Synonyms: wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint

   with gay abandon, with wild abandon

   • 1846, The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register, page 453:

     The Italian painters have an abandon in their chiar' oscuro which mellows up their flesh tints in a way that no other school can imitate : the frigidity of their outline is another remarkable feature, and the harmony of their impasto is unique.

   • 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:

     I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'

   • 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times‎:

     They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.

2. (obsolete) Abandonment; relinquishment.

派生語

参照

語源

From Old French abandon.

副詞

abandon (not comparable)

1. Freely; entirely.
   • 1330, Arthour and Merlin:

     His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.

     His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.

参照

• “abandǒun, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.