abandonとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

• From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”),^[1] from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus,^[2] bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (compare English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.
• Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from 古期英語 forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from 古期英語 forlǣfan; see forleave.

動詞

abandon (三人称単数 現在形 abandons, 現在分詞 abandoning, 過去形および過去分詞形 abandoned)

1. (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]^[1]
   • 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:

     […] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.

2. (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]^[1]
   • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎^[1], volume 188, number 23, page 19:

     In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]   The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.

3. (transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15^th century.]^[1]
   • 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening‎^[2], page 3:

     Hope was overthrown, and yet could not be abandoned.

   Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.

   She abandoned her husband for a new man.

4. (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16^th century.]^[1]
5. (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16^th century until the mid 17^th century.]^[1]
   • 1594, William Shakespeare, The Taming of the Shrew, act I, scene ii:

     Being all this time abandoned from your bed.

6. (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18^th century.]^[1]

   I hereby abandon my position as manager.

7. (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.

Conjugation

同意語

反意語

派生語

語源 2

• From French, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.

名詞

abandon (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 abandons)

1. A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.]^[1][3]
   • 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:

     I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'

   • 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times‎^[3]:

     They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.

2. (obsolete) abandonment; relinquishment.

同意語

• (giving up to impulses): wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint

参照