downとは |
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主な意味 | (高い位置から)低いほうへ、下へ、(机の上などに)下ろして、床に、地面に、(階上から)階下へ、(食べた物を)飲み込んで、下がって、下りて、(階上から)下りて |
コア |
下に 下方への運動から「ふらふらしていたものが落ちつく」,「落ち込んで」という意味合いが出てくる |
音節 | down | 発音記号・読み方 |
downの |
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downの |
downの | レベル:1英検:3級以上の単語学校レベル:中学以上の水準TOEIC L&Rスコア:220点以上の単語 |
研究社 新英和中辞典での「down」の意味 |
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down1
come down in the world 落ちぶれる. |
boil down soup stock スープストックを煮詰める. |
c
やむまで.
from the president down to the office boys 上は社長から下は雑用係の少年(に至る)まで. |
⇒PAY down 【成句】. |
be dówn on… | còme dówn to… |
dówn and óut | dówn at héel |
dówn in the móuth | dówn on one's lúck |
dówn through… | dówn to the gróund |
dòwn únder | dówn with… |
úp and dówn |
sail down the Sea of Japan 日本海を南下する. down the Thames テムズ川の下流に. further down the river 川をずっと下った所に. |
dówn tówn |
dówn tóols |
⇒UPs and downs 名詞【成句】. |
hàve a dówn on a person |
down2
down3
Eゲイト英和辞典での「down」の意味 |
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down
コア下に下方への運動から「ふらふらしていたものが落ちつく」,「落ち込んで」という意味合いが出てくる
├下へ▷1
├南へ▷2a
├離れて▷2b
├下流へ▷3
└低い所に▷4
Ⅱ勢い・数量の低下副詞
├弱って▷5
└下がって▷6
Ⅲ安定・固定副詞
├抑圧して▷7a
└落ち着かせて▷7b
…を下って▷前置詞1
…の下に▷前置詞2
下への▷形容詞1
南への;(列車が)下りの▷形容詞2
副詞
1下へ,下がって,降りて,降ろして;倒れて,倒して
2a(地理的に)(北から)南へ
b(話し手から)離れて,向こうに;((英))(都会から)田舎へ,地方へ
3(流れが)下流へ,下って;飲み込んで;((比ゆ))後世へ
4〔状態〕低い所に(位置して),低い姿勢になって
Ⅱ勢い・数量の低下
5(勢力・活動などが)弱って,(調子が)悪い,低下して,止まって
6(物価・収益などが)下がって,減少して;細くして,小さい部分に分けて
Ⅲ安定・固定
7a(落ち着くところまで)低く抑えて,抑圧して
b落ち着かせて;片付けて
8〔固定〕a固定して,留めて
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b追い詰めて
c(文章に)書き留めて
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9完全に,徹底的に;(汚れなどをきれいに)落として
Ⅳその他
10現金で,頭金として
11≪野球≫アウトになって
成句be down for ... [to do]
…の[…する]予定になっている
成句be down on ...
…に敵意を抱く,腹を立てる
成句be down to ...
(人に)かかっている;…の責任である
成句down and out
①おちぶれて,打ちひしがれて;健康を害して
②≪ボクシング≫打ちのめされて,KOされて
成句down below
すぐ下に;地下に
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成句down to the ground
まったく;ぴったりと
成句down under
オーストラリア[ニュージーランド]に(英国・米国から見て「地球の裏側に」当たることから)
成句Down with ...!
打倒…,…をぶっつぶせ
成句go [be] down with ...
(病気で)倒れる
前置詞
形容詞
動詞
他動詞
名詞
日本語WordNet(英和)での「down」の意味 |
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Down
the story was passed down from father to son その話は父から子へ伝えられた |
the shades were down 色合いは下がっていた |
Wiktionary英語版での「down」の意味 |
down
語源 1
From Middle English doun, from 古期英語 dūn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz, *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”), probably borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“hill”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”). Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune.
名詞
down (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 downs)
- (especially southern England) A hill, especially a chalk hill; rolling grassland
- We went for a walk over the downs.
- The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills in south east England.
- 1610, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, act 4 scene 1
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1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation, London: Pr. for S. Smith, OCLC 49840862:
- ...as they muſt needs acknowledge who have been on the Downs of Suſſex, and enjoyed that ravishing Proſpect of the Sea on one Hand, and the Country far and wide on the other.
- (usually in the plural) A field, especially one used for horse racing.
- (Britain, chiefly in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.
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1636, George Sandys, “A Paraphrase Vpon Iob”, in Early English Books[1]:
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派生語
語源 2
副詞
down (not generally comparable, comparative farther down, superlative farthest down)
- (comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
- (comparable) At a lower and/or further along or away place or position along a set path.
- 1906, Stanley J[ohn] Weyman, chapter I, in Chippinge Borough[2], New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., OCLC 580270828:
- It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.
- South (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
- (Ireland) Away from the city (even if the location is to the North).
- (sports) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).
- Into a state of non-operation.
- To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.
- (rail transport) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
- (sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.
- (Britain, academia) Away from Oxford or Cambridge.
- From a remoter or higher antiquity.
- From a greater to a less bulk, or from a thinner to a thicker consistence.
- From less to greater detail.
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2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.
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- (intensifier) Used with verbs to add emphasis to the action of the verb.
- Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, rather than being of indefinite duration.
使用する際の注意点
- Down can be used with verbs in ways that change the meaning of the verb in ways not entirely predictable from the meanings of the down and the verb, though related to them. See Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (down).
反意語
前置詞
down
反意語
- (From the higher end to the lower): up
派生語
- (from the higher end to the lower): sell down the river
形容詞
down (comparative more down, superlative most down)
- Depressed, feeling low.
- Sick or ill.
- At a lower level than before.
- The stock market is down.
- Prices are down.
- Having a lower score than an opponent.
- (baseball, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.
- Two down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth.
- (colloquial) With "on", negative about, hostile to
- Ever since Nixon, I've been down on Republicans.
- (not comparable, US, slang) Comfortable with, accepting of.
- Are you down to hang out at the mall, Jamal?
- As long as you're down with helping me pick a phone, Jack.
- (not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.
- The system is down.
- Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent または obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).
- (not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally; killed.
- (not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.
- Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)
- 2013, P.J. Hoover, Solstice, →ISBN, page 355:
- I stay with Chloe the longest. When she's not hanging out at the beach parties, she lives in a Japanese garden complete with an arched bridge spanning a pond filled with koi of varying sizes and shapes. Reeds shoot out of the water, rustling when the fish swim through them, and river-washed stones are sprinkled in a bed of sand. Chloe has this whole new Japanese thing down.
- 2013, P.J. Hoover, Solstice, →ISBN, page 355:
- (obsolete) Downright; absolute; positive.
反意語
派生語
動詞
down (三人称単数 現在形 downs, 現在分詞 downing, 過去形および過去分詞形 downed)
- (transitive) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty.
- (transitive) To cause to come down; to knock down or subdue.
- (transitive, pocket billiards) To put a ball in a pocket; to pot a ball.
- (transitive, American football) To bring a play to an end by touching the ball to the ground or while it is on the ground.
- (transitive) To write off; to make fun of.
- (obsolete, intransitive) To go down; to descend.
同意語
名詞
- A negative aspect; a downer.
- (dated) A grudge (on someone).
- An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
- (米国用法 football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.
- (crosswords) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.
- A downstairs room of a two-story house.
- Down payment.
派生語
参照
語源 3
From Old Norse dúnn. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”).
名詞
down (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 downs)
- Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
- (botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
- The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
- That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.
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1857, Alfred Tennyson, The poetical works of Alfred Tennyson, poet laureate, Boston: Ticknor and Fields, OCLC 1317272, In Memoriam A.H.H.:
動詞
down (三人称単数 現在形 downs, 現在分詞 downing, 過去形および過去分詞形 downed)
- (transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.
アナグラム
down-
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downのページの著作権
英和辞典情報提供元は参加元一覧にて確認できます。
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Copyright (C) 1994- Nichigai Associates, Inc., All rights reserved. 「斎藤和英大辞典」斎藤秀三郎著、日外アソシエーツ辞書編集部編 |
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