gateとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English gate, gat, ȝate, ȝeat, from 古期英語 ġeat (“gate”), from Proto-West Germanic *gat, from Proto-Germanic *gatą (“hole, opening”).

See also Old Norse gat, Swedish and Dutch gat, Low German Gaat, Gööt.

別の表記

• yate (廃れた用法 または dialectal)

名詞

gate (複数形 gates)

2. A doorlike structure outside a house.
3. Doorway, opening, or passage in a fence or wall.
   • 1870 June [April], “The Peking Gazettes”, in Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal‎^[1], volume 3, number 1, Foochow: American Presbyterian Mission Press, →OCLC, page 12, column 1:

     At 7, he made his exit through the Ch‘ien-ch‘ing and the Lung-tsung gates, and thence, through the Yung-Hang Gate he entered the Tz‘u-ning Palace.

4. Movable barrier.

   The gate in front of the railroad crossing went up after the train had passed.

5. Passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.
6. A location which serves as a conduit for transport, migration, or trade.
   • 1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 246:

     Lyons and Fisher's stations, who have spared nothing to ensure a success on this point, there is every reason to believe that the Northern Territory will soon be able to make a proper use of her geographical position, and become the gate of the East for all the Australian colonies.

7. The amount of money made by selling tickets to a concert or a sports event.
8. (computing) A logical pathway made up of switches which turn on or off. Examples are and, or, nand, etc.
9. (electronics) The controlling terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).
10. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into.
11. (metalworking) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mould; the ingate.
12. The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. Also written geat and git.
13. (cricket) The gap between a batsman's bat and pad.

    Singh was bowled through the gate, a very disappointing way for a world-class batsman to get out.

14. (cinematography) A mechanism, in a film camera and projector, that holds each frame momentarily stationary behind the aperture.
    • 2023 March 16, John Boorman, “Today’s ‘films’ are nothing of the sort – so stop calling them that”, in The Guardian‎^[2], →ISSN:

      After all, not using film has advantages other than cost: the curse of getting a hair in the gate (the rectangular opening at the front of a camera) is gone; the problem of getting dirt on the film swept away.

15. (flow cytometry) A line that separates particle type-clusters on two-dimensional dot plots.
16. A tally mark consisting of four vertical bars crossed by a diagonal, representing a count of five.

同意語

• (コンピューター): logic gate
• (opening in a wall): doorway, entrance, passage

派生語

動詞

gate (三人称単数 現在形 gates, 現在分詞 gating, 過去形および過去分詞形 gated)

1. (transitive) To keep something inside by means of a closed gate.
2. (transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by not allowing them to go out.

   Synonym: ground

   • 1971, E. M. Forster, chapter 13, in Maurice‎^[3], Penguin, published 1972, page 72:

     “I’ve missed two lectures already,” remarked Maurice, who was breakfasting in his pyjamas.
     “Cut them all — he’ll only gate you.”

3. (transitive, biochemistry) To open a closed ion channel.^[1]
4. (transitive) To furnish with a gate.
5. (transitive) To turn (an image intensifier) on and off selectively as needed, or to avoid damage from excessive light exposure. See autogating.

派生語

• gater

語源 2

Borrowed from Old Norse gata, from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Cognate with Danish gade, Swedish gata, German Gasse (“lane”). Doublet of gait.

名詞

gate (複数形 gates)

1. (now Scotland, Northern England) A way, path.
   • 1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume (please specify |volume=I, II, III, または IV), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC:

     I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate.

   • 1828, James Hogg, Mary Burnet:

     "Stand out o' my gate, wife, for, d'ye see, I am rather in a haste, Jean Linton."

2. (obsolete) A journey.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     […] nought regarding, they kept on their gate, / And all her vaine allurements did forsake […]

3. (Scotland, Northern England) A street; now used especially as a combining form to make the name of a street e.g. "Briggate" (a common street name in the north of England meaning "Bridge Street") or Kirkgate meaning "Church Street".
4. (Britain, Scotland, dialect, archaic) Manner; gait.

参照

アナグラム

• EGTA, ETag, Geat, e-tag, geat, geta

接尾辞

-gate

1. Combined with keywords to form the names of scandals.
   • 2009 June 22, Phillip Coorey; Annabel Crabb, Sydney Morning Herald:

     The Australian Federal Police revealed this afternoon that the email that sparked the so-called Utegate controversy was faked.

使用する際の注意点

• Many of these terms are short-lived and few have long-lasting currency.

派生語

派生した語

• → Chinese: 門 (calque)
  • → Mandarin: 門 (calque)
• → French: -gate
• → German: -gate
• → Korean: 게이트 (geiteu)

語源 2

From 古期英語 geat.

接尾辞

-gate

1. Used to form place names.

参照

• “-gate”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

アナグラム

• EGTA, ETag, Geat, e-tag, geat, geta