flyとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English flye, flie, from 古期英語 flȳġe, flēoge (“a fly”), from Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ (“a fly”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Cognate with Scots flee, Saterland Frisian Fljooge, Dutch vlieg, German Low German Fleeg, German Fliege, Danish flue, Norwegian Bokmål flue, Norwegian Nynorsk fluge, Swedish fluga, Icelandic fluga.

名詞

fly (複数形 flies)

1. (zoology) Any insect of the order Diptera; characterized by having two wings (except for some wingless species), also called true flies.
   • 2012 January, Douglas Larson, “Runaway Devils Lake”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 46:

     Devils Lake is where I began my career as a limnologist in 1964, studying the lake’s neotenic salamanders and chironomids, or midge flies. […] The Devils Lake Basin is an endorheic, or closed, basin covering about 9,800 square kilometers in northeastern North Dakota.

2. (non-technical) Especially, any of the insects of the family Muscidae, such as the common housefly (other families of Diptera include mosquitoes かつ midges).
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 5, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose. And the queerer the cure for those ailings the bigger the attraction. A place like the Right Livers' Rest was bound to draw freaks, same as molasses draws flies.

3. Any similar, but not closely related insect, such as a dragonfly or butterfly.
5. (fishing) A lightweight fishing lure resembling an insect.
   • 1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 152:

     I went on trying for fish along the western bank down the river, but only small trout rose at my flies, and a score was the total catch.

6. (weightlifting) A chest exercise performed by moving extended arms from the sides to in front of the chest. (also flye)
7. (swimming) The butterfly stroke (複数形 is normally flys).
8. (obsolete) A witch's familiar.
   • 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, (please specify the GB page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     a trifling fly, none of your great familiars

9. (obsolete) A parasite.
   • 1636, Philip Massinger, “The Bashful Lover”, in William Gifford, editor, The Plays of Philip Massinger‎^[1], published 1845, act 1, scene 1, page 470:

     The fly that plays too near the flame burns in it.

10. (preceded by definite article) A simple dance in which the hands are shaken in the air, popular in the 1960s.
11. (finance) A butterfly (combination of four options).

下位語

派生語

Further reading

• fly on Wikipedia.
• Muscidae on Wikimedia Commons.

語源 2

From Middle English flien, from 古期英語 flēogan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuganą (compare Saterland Frisian fljooge, Dutch vliegen, Low German flegen, German fliegen, Danish flyve, Norwegian Nynorsk flyga), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (*plew-k-, “to fly”) (compare Lithuanian plaũkti ‘to swim’), enlargement of *plew- (“flow”). More at flee and flow.

動詞

fly (三人称単数 現在形 flies, 現在分詞 flying, 過去形 flew, 過去分詞 flown)

1. (intransitive) To travel through the air, another gas, or a vacuum, without being in contact with a grounded surface.

   Birds of passage fly to warmer regions as it gets colder in winter.

   The Concorde flew from Paris to New York faster than any other passenger airplane.

   It takes about eleven hours to fly from Frankfurt to Hong Kong.

   The little fairy flew home on the back of her friend, the giant eagle.

   • 1909, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, Orthodoxy:

     Angels can fly because they take themselves lightly.

   • 2013 September 7, “On a bright new wing”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

     Flying using only the power of the sun is an enticing prospect. But manned solar-powered aircraft are fragile and slow, […].

2. (transitive, intransitive, archaic, poetic) To flee, to escape (from).

   Fly, my lord! The enemy are upon us!

   • c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 56, column 1:

     [V]pon a ſodaine, / As Falſtaffe, ſhe, and I, are newly met, / Let them [children dressed like "urchins, ouphes and fairies"] from forth a ſaw-pit ruſh at once / With ſome diffuſed ſong: Vpon their ſight / We two, in great amazedneſſe will flye: […]

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     to fly the favours of so good a king

   • 1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     Fly, ere evil intercept thy flight.

   • 1693, Decimus Junius Juvenalis, John Dryden, transl., “[The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis.] The Fourteenth Satyr”, in The Satires of Decimus Junius Juvenalis. Translated into English Verse. […] Together with the Satires of Aulus Persius Flaccus. […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], →OCLC:

     Sleep flies the wretch.

   • 1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the Ring:

     He staggered and fell, grasped vainly at the stone, and slid into the abyss. “Fly, you fools!” he cried, and was gone.

3. (transitive, ergative) To cause to fly (travel または float in the air): to transport via air or the like.

   Charles Lindbergh flew his airplane The Spirit of St. Louis across the Atlantic ocean.

   Why don’t you go outside and fly kites, kids? The wind is just perfect.

   Birds fly their prey to their nest to feed it to their young.

   Each day the postal service flies thousands of letters around the globe.

   • 1879, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, The Pirates of Penzance  […], Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Co., published 1880, →OCLC:

     The brave black flag I fly.

   • 2013 September 7, “On a bright new wing”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

     A solar-powered unmanned aerial system (a UAS, more commonly called a drone) could fly long, lonely missions that conventional aircraft would not be capable of.

   • 2015, Jeromy Hopgood, Dance Production: Design and Technology, page 44:

     This area, referred to as the fly loft, should typically be two and a half times taller than the proscenium opening in order to fly the scenery above the vertical sightlines of the first row of the audience.

4. (intransitive) To travel or proceed very fast; to hasten.

   He flew down the hill on his bicycle.

   It's five o'clock already. Doesn't time fly?

   • 1645, John Milton, On Time:

     Fly, envious Time, till thou run out thy race.

   • 1870, William Cullen Bryant (translator), The Iliad (originally by Homer)

     The dark waves murmured as the ship flew on.

   • 2011 September 18, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 41-10 Georgia”, in BBC Sport:

     After yet another missed penalty by Kvirikashvili from bang in front of the posts, England scored again, centre Tuilagi flying into the line and touching down under the bar.

5. (intransitive) To move suddenly, or with violence; to do an act suddenly or swiftly.

   a door flies open

   a bomb flies apart

   • 1859 December 13, Charles Dickens, “The Mortals in the House”, in Charles Dickens, editor, The Haunted House. The Extra Christmas Number of All the Year Round […], volume II, London: […] C. Whiting, […], →OCLC, page 7, column 1:

     And in respect of the great necessity there is, my darling, for more employments being within the reach of Woman than our civilisation has as yet assigned to her, don’t fly at the unfortunate men, even those men who are at first sight in your way, as if they were the natural oppressors of your sex […]

6. (intransitive) To proceed with great success.

   His career is really flying at the moment.

   One moment the company was flying high, the next it was on its knees.

7. (intransitive, colloquial, of a proposal, project または idea) To be accepted, come about or work out.

   Let's see if that idea flies.

   You know, I just don't think that's going to fly. Why don't you spend your time on something better?

8. (transitive, ergative) To display (a flag) on a flagpole.
9. (transitive) To hunt with a hawk.
   • c. 1590, Robert Greene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay:

     We'll fly the partridge, or go rouse the deer.

10. (intransitive, entomology, of a type of moth または butterfly) To be in the winged adult stage.

    This species flies from late summer until frost.

Conjugation

同意語

• (travel through air): soar, hover, wing, skim, glide, ascend, rise, float, aviate
• (flee): escape, flee, abscond; see also Thesaurus:flee
• (travel very fast): dart, flit; see also Thesaurus:move quickly
• (do an act suddenly): hurry, zoom; see also Thesaurus:rush

反意語

• (travel through air): walk
• (flee): remain, stay
• (travel very fast): see also Thesaurus:move slowly

下位語

派生語

関連する語

• fly agaric
• flight

名詞

fly (複数形 flys または flies)

1. (obsolete) The action of flying; flight.
2. An act of flying.

   There was a good wind, so I decided to give the kite a fly.

3. (baseball) A fly ball.
4. (米国用法 football) Short for fly route.
5. A piece of canvas that covers the opening at the front of a tent.
6. (India, obsolete) The sloping or roof part of the canvas of a tent.
   • 1810, Thomas H. Williamson, The East India Vade-Mecum, page 452:

     [T]he main part of the operation of pitching the tent, consisting of raising the flies, may be performed, and shelter afforded, without the walls, &c., being present.

   • 1816, The Grand Master, or Adventures of Qui Hi, page 152:

     The cavalcade drew up in line, / Pitch'd the marquee, and went to dine. / The bearers and the servants lie / Under the shelter of the fly.

   • 1885, Elizabeth Bacon Custer, Boots and Saddles:

     After I had changed my riding-habit for my one other gown, I came out to join the general under the tent-fly.

8. (often 複数形) A strip of material (sometimes hiding zippers または buttons) at the front of a pair of trousers, pants, underpants, bootees, etc.

   Ha-ha! Your flies are undone!

   • February 2014 Y-Front Fly

     Y-Front is a registered trademark for a special front fly turned upside down to form a Y owned by Jockey® International. The first Y-Front® brief was created by Jockey® more than 70 years ago.

   • June 2014 The Hole In Men’s Underwear: Name And Purpose

     Briefs were given an opening in the front. The point of this opening (the ‘fly’) was to make it easier to pee with clothes on

9. The free edge of a flag.
10. The horizontal length of a flag.
11. (weightlifting) An exercise that involves wide opening and closing of the arms perpendicular to the shoulders.
12. The part of a vane pointing the direction from which the wind blows.
13. (nautical) That part of a compass on which the points are marked; the compass card.
    • a. 1850, Robert Norman, (Please provide the book title または journal name):

      to the fly of the compass, which before was made equal, I was still constrained to put some small piece of wire on the south part there

14. Two or more vanes set on a revolving axis, to act as a fanner, or to equalize or impede the motion of machinery by the resistance of the air, as in the striking part of a clock.
15. Short for flywheel.
16. (historical) A type of small, light, fast horse-drawn carriage that can be hired for transportation (sometimes pluralised flys).
    • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 74, in The History of Pendennis. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

      A fly carried him rapidly to Lady Clavering’s house from the station […]

    • 1859, Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White‎^[2]:

      Can I get a fly, or a carriage of any kind? Is it too late?
      I dismissed the fly a mile distant from the park, and getting my directions from the driver, proceeded by myself to the house.

    • 1861, Henry Mayhew, William Tuckniss, London Labour and the London Poor: A Cyclopœdia of the Condition and Earnings of Those that Will Work, Those that Cannot Work, and Those that Will Not Work, volume 3, page 359:

      A glass coach, it may be as well to observe, is a carriage and pair hired by the day, and a fly a one-horse carriage hired in a similar manner.

    • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

      As we left the house in my fly, which had been waiting, Van Helsing said:— ‘Tonight I can sleep in peace [...].’

    • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XVI, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

      “ […] She takes the whole thing with desperate seriousness. But the others are all easy and jovial—thinking about the good fare that is soon to be eaten, about the hired fly, about anything.”

    • 1924, Ford Madox Ford, Some Do Not… (Parade's End), Penguin, published 2012, page 54:

      And, driving back in the fly, Macmaster said to himself that you couldn't call Mrs. Duchemin ordinary, at least.

    • 1941 December, “Notes and News: Timetable features of the Past”, in Railway Magazine, page 570:

      Then we read at New Southgate and Colney Hatch, that "Cabs are on stand at station from 9 a.m. to departure of last down train. Private omnibuses, flys and other conveniences can be had at short notice on application to Messrs. Walker & Son." At country stations we are often told, "a fly may be obtained on application to Mrs. Brown of the Black Dog," or some other cheery information.

    • 2023 February 22, Stephen Roberts, “Reading... between the lines... to Wales”, in RAIL, number 977, page 59:

      Chepstow is good for excursions, and Bradshaw tells me I can get a fly to Tintern Abbey, although the fare structure seems particularly complicated. Alternatively, I could go for a simpler choice and just opt for "single horse, 1s", although I doubt I'd survive to tell the tale.

    Related terms: flyman

17. In a knitting machine, the piece hinged to the needle, which holds the engaged loop in position while the needle is penetrating another loop; a latch.^[1].
18. The pair of arms revolving around the bobbin, in a spinning wheel or spinning frame, to twist the yarn.
19. (weaving) A shuttle driven through the shed by a blow or jerk^[2].
20. (printing, historical) The person who took the printed sheets from the press.
21. (printing, historical) A vibrating frame with fingers, attached to a power printing press for doing the same work.
22. One of the upper screens of a stage in a theatre.
23. (cotton manufacture) waste cotton

派生語

動詞

fly (三人称単数 現在形 flies, 現在分詞 flying, 過去形および過去分詞形 flied)

1. (intransitive, baseball) To hit a fly ball; to hit a fly ball that is caught for an out. Compare ground (verb) and line (verb).

   Jones flied to right in his last at-bat.

語源 3

Uncertain; probably from the verb or noun.

形容詞

fly (comparative flier, superlative fliest)

1. (slang, dated) Quick-witted, alert, mentally sharp.
   • 1854, Charles Dickens, “Household Words”, in Arcadia‎^[3], volume 7, page 381:

     be assured, O man of sin—pilferer of small wares and petty larcener—that there is an eye within keenly glancing from some loophole contrived between accordions and tin breastplates that watches your every movement, and is "fly,"— to use a term peculiarly comprehensible to dishonest minds—to the slightest gesture of illegal conveyancing.

2. (slang) Well dressed, smart in appearance; in style, cool.

   He's pretty fly.

   • 1888, Frederick Thickstun Clark, A Mexican Girl‎^[4], page 270:

     when Ortega got fixed up in his fly duds like that, an ord'nary man's overcoat wouldn't make 'im a pair o' socks.

   • 1998, “Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)”‎^[5]performed by The Offspring:

     Give it to me, baby! Uh huh, uh huh! And all the girlies say, I’m pretty fly for a white guy.

   • 2001 September, “Super Fly”, in Vibe‎^[6], volume 9, number 9, page 252:

     Starring the light-skinned Ron O'Neal with his shoulder-length perm and fly threads, Super Fly exudes a sense of black pride as O'Neal bucks the dope game, dismisses his white girlfriend, and beats The Man at his own hustle.

   • 2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World/Ballantine Books, page 169:

     A fly sister rolled in with a suitcase full of hip-hop novels called The Glamorous Life, and an African brother with long dreads wanted to sell them some incense and some fake Jacob watches.

   • 2012, Lindy West, Dan Savage, Christopher Frizzelle, How to Be a Person: The Stranger's Guide to College, Sex, Intoxicants, Tacos, and Life Itself‎^[7]:

     How NOT to Facebook / […] no naked pictures, no deep emotions (awkward), no tagging a bunch of people in a picture of some fly Nikes, no making dinner plans (just use a PHONE).

   • 2019, “Balenciaga”, performed by Princess Nokia:

     I'm so fly, I don't even try / I get so high, I can touch the sky / Dress for myself, I don't dress for hype / I dress for myself, you dress for the likes

3. (slang) Beautiful; displaying physical beauty.
   • 1979, “We Rap More Mellow”, performed by The Younger Generation:

     [Rahiem] My name brings peace and tranquility / So all the fly ladies' hearts can run free

   • 1991, “Busy Doin Nuthin”, in I Need a Haircut, performed by Biz Markie:

     Word is bond she looked divine, she looked as fly as can be
     I thought she was different cause she was by herself
     She looked real wholesome, and in good physical health

   • 1994, “Memory Lane (Sittin’ in da Park)”, in Illmatic, performed by Nas:

     I rap for listeners, blunt heads, fly ladies and prisoners