cupとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English cuppe, coppe, from the merger of 古期英語 cuppe (“cup”) and 古期英語 copp (“cup, vessel”).

古期英語 cuppe is a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa, itself of obscure origin, but probably from earlier Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“a hollow”). 古期英語 copp, however, is from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, bowl, vessel, knoll, summit, crown of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”) (whence also obsolete English cop (“top, summit, crown of the head”), German Kopf (“top, head”)).

The Middle English word was further reinforced by Anglo-Norman cupe and Old French cope, coupe, from Latin cuppa. Compare also Saterland Frisian Kop (“cup”), West Frisian kop (“cup”), Dutch kop (“cup”), German Low German Koppke, Köppke (“cup”), Danish kop (“cup”), Swedish kopp (“cup”). Doublet of coupe and keeve.

発音

• enPR: kŭp, IPA^(key): /kʌp/
• 韻: -ʌp

名詞

cup (複数形 cups)

1. A concave vessel for drinking from, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.

   Coordinate terms: mug, pannikin

   • 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

     In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.

   Pour the tea into the cup.

2. The contents of said vessel.

   Synonym: cupful

   I drank two cups of water but still felt thirsty.

3. A customary unit of measure
   1. (US) A US unit of liquid measure equal to 8 fluid ounces (¹⁄₁₆ of a US gallon; 236.5882365 mL) or 240 mL.
   2. (Canada) A Canadian unit of measure equal to 8 imperial ounces (¹⁄₂₀ imperial gallon; 227.3 mL) or 250 mL.
   3. (Britain, dated) A British unit of measure equal to ¹⁄₂ imperial pints (10 imperial ounces; 284 mL) or 300 mL.
4. A trophy in the shape of an oversized cup.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 5, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

   The World Cup is awarded to the winner of a quadrennial football tournament.

5. A contest for which a cup is awarded.

   The World Cup is the world's most widely watched sporting event.

6. (soccer) The main knockout tournament in a country, organised alongside the league.
   • 2002, Rob Dimery, Peter Watts, Guinness world records, Gullane Children's Books →ISBN

     Until it was disbanded in 1999, the European Cup-Winners Cup was contested annually by the winners of Europe's national cups.

   • 2011, Michael Grant, Rob Robertson, The Management: Scotland's Great Football Bosses, Birlinn →ISBN

     Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season.

   • 2014, Martí Perarnau, Pep Confidential: Inside Pep Guardiola's First Season at Bayern Munich, Birlinn →ISBN

     One week earlier, they had lost 5-2 to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal [the German cup] final in Berlin.

7. (golf) A cup-shaped object placed in the target hole.

   The ball just misses the cup.

8. (in combination) Any of various sweetened alcoholic drinks.

   cider cup

   gin cup

   claret cup

9. (US, Canada) A rigid concave protective covering for the male genitalia.

   Synonym: (英国用法) box

   Players of contact sports are advised to wear a cup.

10. One of the two parts of a brassiere which each cover a breast.

    The cups are made of a particularly uncomfortable material.

    1. Prefixed with a letter, used as a measurement of bra or breast size.
       • 2010, Tom Clancy, Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan Books 1-6, page 1149:

         "For cleavage to show up in these photos, a girl has to have C-cup breasts — at least that's what they told me once."

11. (mathematics) The symbol ${\displaystyle \cup }$ denoting union and similar operations.

    Coordinate term: cap

12. (tarot) A suit of the minor arcana in tarot, or one of the cards from the suit.
13. (ultimate frisbee) A defensive style characterized by a three player near defense cupping the thrower; or those three players.
14. A flexible concave membrane used to temporarily attach a handle or hook to a flat surface by means of suction.

    Synonym: suction cup

15. Anything shaped like a cup.

    the cup of an acorn

    • 1745, William Shenstone, Elegy VIII

      The cowslip's golden cup no more I see.

16. (medicine, historical) A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping.
17. (figuratively) That which is to be received or indured; that which is allotted to one; a portion of blessings and afflictions.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 26:39:

      O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me.

派生語

派生した語

• → Farefare: kɔpɩ
• → Hebrew: קאפ‎ (kap)
• → Japanese: カップ (kappu)
• → Korean: 컵 (keop)
• → Maori: kapu

動詞

cup (三人称単数 現在形 cups, 現在分詞 cupping, 過去形および過去分詞形 cupped)

1. (transitive) To form into the shape of a cup, particularly of the hands.

   Cup your hands and I'll pour some rice into them.

2. (transitive) To hold something in cupped hands.

   He cupped the ball carefully in his hands.

3. (transitive) To pour (a liquid, drink, etc.) into a cup.

   We are cupping some new brands of coffee today.

4. (transitive, obsolete) To supply with cups of wine.
   • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene vii]:

     Cup us, till the world go round.

5. (transitive, surgery, archaic) To apply a cupping apparatus to; to subject to the operation of cupping.
6. (transitive, engineering) To make concave or in the form of a cup.

   to cup the end of a screw

Further reading

• cup on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• CPU, P.U.C., PUC, Pcu, UCP, UPC