gradeとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA^(key): /ɡɹeɪd/
• 異形同音異義語: grayed, greyed
• 韻: -eɪd

名詞

grade (複数形 grades)

1. A rating.

   This fine-grade coin from 1837 is worth a good amount.

   I gave him a good grade for effort.

2. (chiefly Canada, 米国用法) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.

   Synonym: mark

   He got a good grade on the test.

   You need a grade of at least 80% in first-year calculus to be admitted to the CS major program.

3. A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
   • 1986–2012, paul wheaton permaculture, “Diatomaceous Earth (food grade): bug killer you can eat!”, in richsoil.com‎^[1], retrieved 2014-03-17:

     There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff! Make sure that you get food grade diatomaceous earth. Some people make 3% of the food they eat be diatomaceous earth.

4. (linguistics) Degree (any of the three stages (positive, 比較級, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb).
5. A slope (up または down) of a roadway or other passage

   The grade of this hill is more than 5 percent.

6. (Canada, 米国用法, education) A level of primary and secondary education.

   Clancy is entering the fifth grade this year.

   Clancy starts grade five this year.

7. (Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).

   The grade fives are on a field trip.

8. An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
9. The level of the ground.

   This material absorbs moisture and is probably not a good choice for use below grade.

10. (mathematics) A gradian.
11. (geometry) In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
12. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
    • 1836, John Greenleaf Whittier, Mogg Megone, A Poem, OCLC 2722314:

      The whistle of the shot as it cuts the leaves / Of the maples around the church’s eaves— / And the grade of hatchets, fiercely thrown, / On wigwam-log, and tree, and stone.

13. (systematics) A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
14. (medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
15. (ophthalmology, Philippines) An eyeglass prescription.

同意語

• (taxon that is not a clade): paraphyletic group
• (slope): gradient

派生した語

• → Japanese: グレード (gurēdo)
• → Swahili: gredi

動詞

grade (三人称単数 現在形 grades, 現在分詞 grading, 過去形および過去分詞形 graded)

1. (chiefly Canada, 米国用法) To assign scores to the components of an academic test, or to overall academic performance.
2. To organize in grades.

   a graded reader

3. To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface, especially with a grader.

   to grade land before building on it

   • 2000, Bob Foster, Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page 129:

     The shoulders are graded and the verges cleared well back to lessen the chances of hitting stray stock.

4. (sewing) To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
5. To apply classifying labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).

   Brain scans were graded on a five-point scale of atrophy.

6. (linguistics) To describe, modify or inflect so as to classify as to degree.
   • 1999, Jon Franco, Alazne Landa, Juan Martín, Grammatical Analyses in Basque and Romance Linguistics: Papers in Honor of Mario Saltarelli, John Benjamins Publishing (→ISBN), page 65:

     He has rightly observed that while -ísimo superlatives are typically prenominal, adjectives graded with the intensifier muy "very" are characteristically postnominal.

   • 2014, Angela Downing, English Grammar: A University Course, Routledge (→ISBN), page 430:

     Adjectives graded for comparative and superlative degree can function both attributively and predicatively. Most descriptive adjectives are gradable: As modifiers of a noun Have you got a larger size? […]

   • 2020, Prekmurje Slovene Grammar: Avgust Pavel’s Vend nyelvtan (1942), BRILL (→ISBN), page 82:

     Similarly to the Hungarian adjectives graded with the suffix -ik, in place of naj, najto, or, in agreement with the noun, -najte, -najta, -najto forms occur, e.g., najtolepsi or najtelepsi, najtelepsa, najtelepse 'most beautiful'.

7. (intransitive) To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
   • 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, page 34:

     And there were circles even beyond these – […] humanity grading and drifting beyond the educated vision, until no earthly invitation can embrace it.

8. (Canada, no longer current, intransitive) To pass from one school grade into the next.

   I graded out of grade two and three and arrived in Miss Hanson's room.

派生語

アナグラム

• Adger, Degar, EDGAR, Edgar, Gerda, garde, radge, raged