superiorとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

Middle English, borrowed from Old French superiour, from Latin superior (“higher, upper”).

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /suːˈpɪə.ɹi.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /sɘˈpiəɹ.i.ɘ/, /sʉːˈpiəɹ.i.ɘ/
• 韻: -ɪəɹiə(ɹ)

形容詞

superior (not comparable)

1. Higher in rank, status, or quality.

   Rebecca had always thought shorts were far superior to pants, as they didn't constantly make her legs itch.

   • 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:

     There were many wooden chairs for the bulk of his visitors, and two wicker armchairs with red cloth cushions for superior people. From the packing-cases had emerged some Indian clubs, […], and all these articles […] made a scattered and untidy decoration that Mrs. Clough assiduously dusted and greatly cherished.

   • 2022 January 12, David Clough, “From Germany with love: a Warship perspective”, in RAIL, number 948, page 46:

     Additionally, reliability proved to be superior to NBL's design, with an average of 120,000 miles run during 1959.

   1. Of high standard or quality.
   2. Greater in size or power.
   3. (superior to) Beyond the power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or affected by.
      • 1711 December 12 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele, “SATURDAY, December 1, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 237; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697:

        There is not in earth a spectacle more worthy […] than a brave man superior to his sufferings.

   4. Greater or better than average.

      Synonym: extraordinary

2. Courageously or serenely indifferent (as to something painful または disheartening).
3. (typography) Printed in superscript.

   a superior figure or letter

4. Located above or out; higher in position.

   the superior jaw; the superior part of an image

   2. (anatomy, medicine) Located above or higher, a direction that in humans corresponds to cephalad.
   3. (botany) (of a calyx) Above the ovary; said of parts of the flower which, although normally below the ovary, adhere to it, and so appear to originate from its upper part.
   4. (botany) (of an ovary) Above and free from the other floral organs.
   5. (botany) Belonging to the part of an axillary flower which is toward the main stem.

      Synonym: posterior

   6. (botany) (of the radicle) Pointing toward the apex of the fruit.

      Synonym: ascending

5. (taxonomy) More comprehensive.

   A genus is superior to a species.

6. Affecting or assuming an air of superiority.

   Synonym: supercilious

7. (astronomy) (of a planet) Closer to the Earth than to the Sun.

使用する際の注意点

• Superior and inferior are generally followed by to; than is sometimes used mistakenly.
• Other English words coming from Latin comparative forms are interior, exterior, ulterior, major, minor, as well as inferior, junior, senior, anterior, posterior and prior, the last six of which (along with superior) have retained their comparative meaning in English.^[1] For other English terms ultimately from Latin comparatives formed with -us, see e.g. plus and minus.

反意語

• inferior

等位語

• (dentistry location adjectives) anterior,‎ apical,‎ apicocoronal,‎ axial,‎ buccal,‎ buccoapical,‎ buccocervical,‎ buccogingival,‎ buccolabial,‎ buccolingual,‎ bucco-occlusal,‎ buccopalatal,‎ cervical,‎ coronal,‎ coronoapical,‎ distal,‎ distoapical,‎ distobuccal,‎ distocervical,‎ distocoronal,‎ distofacial,‎ distogingival,‎ distoincisal,‎ distolingual,‎ disto-occlusal,‎ distoclusal,‎ distocclusal,‎ distopalatal,‎ facial,‎ gingival,‎ incisal,‎ incisocervical,‎ inferior,‎ labial,‎ lingual,‎ linguobuccal,‎ linguo-occlusal,‎ mandibular,‎ maxillary,‎ mesial,‎ mesioapical,‎ mesiobuccal,‎ mesiocervical,‎ mesiocoronal,‎ mesiodistal,‎ mesiofacial,‎ mesioincisal,‎ mesiogingival,‎ mesiolingual,‎ mesio-occlusal,‎ mesioclusal,‎ mesiocclusal,‎ mesiopalatal,‎ occlusal,‎ palatal,‎ posterior,‎ proximal,‎ superior,‎ vestibular ^{(Category: en:Dentistry)}

派生語

関連する語

名詞

superior (複数形 superiors)

1. A person of higher rank or quality, especially a colleague in a higher position.

   Synonym: overling

   1. The senior person in a monastic community.
   2. The head of certain religious institutions and colleges.

      Hyponyms: father superior, mother superior

2. (printing) A superior letter, figure, or symbol.

   Synonym: superscript

3. (Scotland, law, historical) One who has made an original grant of heritable property to a tenant or vassal, on condition of a certain annual payment (feu duty) or of the performance of certain services.

参照

• “superior”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
• “superior”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary.
• “superior” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• superior at OneLook Dictionary Search

Latin

語源

Comparative of superus (“that is above, upper, higher”), from super (“above, over”, preposition) +‎ -us (adjectival suffix).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /suˈpe.ri.or/, [s̠ʊˈpɛriɔr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /suˈpe.ri.or/, [suˈpɛːrior]

形容詞

superior (neuter superius, positive superus); third declension

1. (of place) Higher, upper.
2. (of time または order of succession) Former, past, previous, preceding.
   1. (especially of age, time of life, etc.) Older, elder, senior, more advanced, former.
3. (of strength または success in battle または any contest) Victorious, conquering, stronger, superior.
4. (of quality, condition, number, etc.) Higher, more distinguished, greater, superior.

Inflection

Third-declension comparative adjective.

派生した語

参照

• superior in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• superior in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• superior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • heights, high ground: loca edita, superiora
    
  • last year: superiore, priore anno
    
  • premises; consequences: prima (superiora); consequentia (Fin. 4. 19. 54)
    
  • in his former consulship: superiore consulatu
    
  • to gain a weak case by clever pleading: causam inferiorem dicendo reddere superiorem (λόγον κρείττω ποιειν) (Brut. 8. 30)
    
  • to occupy the high ground: occupare loca superiora
    
  • to have the advantage in cavalry: equitatu superiorem esse
    
  • to come off victorious: superiorem (opp. inferiorem), victorem (proelio, pugna) discedere