fileとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Old French fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”). Doublet of filum.

名詞

file (複数形 files)

1. A collection of papers collated and archived together.
   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

     It is upon a file with the duke's other letters.

2. A roll or list.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

     a file of all the gentry

3. Course of thought; thread of narration.
   • 1642, Henry Wotton, A Short View of the Life and Death of George Villiers

     Let me resume the file of my narration.

4. (computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.

   I'm going to delete these unwanted files to free up some disk space.

5. (computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.
6. A row of modular kitchen units and a countertop, consisting of cabinets and appliances below (dishwasher) and next to (stove/cooker) a countertop.

   Many homes now have double-file kitchens.

7. (Canada, 米国用法) Clipping of file cabinet.

   • 2010, Beth Critchley Charlton, Englaging the DisEngaged‎^[1], page 71:

     The Nonfiction Vertical File: […] I spent my university years working in the library at the Maritime School of Social Work. One of my responsibilities was to keep the library's vertical file up to date. The vertical file was a cabinet full of current newspaper and magazine clippings on topics of interest to the students and faculty of the school.

同意語

• (collection): document, paper

下位語

派生語

派生した語

動詞

file (三人称単数 現在形 files, 現在分詞 filing, 過去形および過去分詞形 filed)

1. (transitive) To commit (official papers) to some office.
   • 2012 May 27, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “New Kid On The Block” (season 4, episode 8; originally aired 11/12/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club‎^[2]:

     The episode’s unwillingness to fully commit to the pathos of the Bart-and-Laura subplot is all the more frustrating considering its laugh quota is more than filled by a rollicking B-story that finds Homer, he of the iron stomach and insatiable appetite, filing a lawsuit against The Frying Dutchman when he’s hauled out of the eatery against his will after consuming all of the restaurant’s shrimp (plus two plastic lobsters).

2. (transitive) To submit (a story) to a newspaper or similar publication.
3. (transitive) To place in an archive in a logical place and order.
4. (transitive) To store a file (aggregation of data) on a storage medium such as a disc or another computer.
5. (intransitive, with for, chiefly law) To submit a formal request to some office.

   She filed for divorce the next day.

   The company filed for bankruptcy when the office opened on Monday.

   They filed for a refund under their warranty.

6. (transitive, obsolete) To set in order; to arrange, or lay away.
   • 1606, Francis Beaumont; John Fletcher, “The Woman-Hater”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:

     I would have my several courses and my dishes well filed.

派生語

語源 2

From French file, from filer (“to spin out, arrange one behind another”), from Latin fīlāre, from filum (“thread”).

名詞

file (複数形 files)

1. A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern.

   Antonym: rank

   The troops marched in Indian file.

2. (military) A small detachment of soldiers.
3. (chess) one of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).

   Antonym: rank

派生語

動詞

file (三人称単数 現在形 files, 現在分詞 filing, 過去形および過去分詞形 filed)

1. (intransitive) To move in a file.

   The applicants kept filing into the room until it was full.

派生語

語源 3

From Middle English file, fyle, from 古期英語 fēl, fēol (“file”), from earlier fīil, from Proto-Germanic *finhlō, *finhilō (“file, rasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyḱ- (“to adorn, form”). Cognate with West Frisian file (“file”), Dutch vijl (“file”), German Feile (“file”).

名詞

file (複数形 files)

2. A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
3. (slang, archaic) A cunning or resourceful person.
   • 1857–1859, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, The Virginians. A Tale of the Last Century, volume (please specify |volume=I または II), London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1858–1859, →OCLC:

     Will is an old file, in spite of his smooth face.

   • 1743, Henry Fielding, The Life and Death of Jonathan Wild, the Great:

     The greatest character among them was that of a Pickpocket, or, in truer language, a File.

下位語

• rasp

派生語

動詞

file (三人称単数 現在形 files, 現在分詞 filing, 過去形および過去分詞形 filed)

1. (transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.

   I'd better file the bottoms of the table legs. Otherwise they will scratch the flooring.

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

派生語

• file down
• file off
• filing

語源 4

From Middle English filen (“to defile”), from 古期英語 fȳlan (“to defile, make foul”), from Proto-West Germanic *fūlijan (“to make foul”). More at defile.

動詞

file (三人称単数 現在形 files, 現在分詞 filing, 過去形および過去分詞形 filed)

1. (archaic) To defile.
   • 1593, anonymous, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:

     I cannot thinke […] So true a bird would file ſo faire a neſt, […]

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

     for Banquo's issue have I fil'd my mind

2. To corrupt.

アナグラム

• Life, flie, lief, life