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研究社 新英和中辞典での「patent」の意味 |
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Wiktionary英語版での「patent」の意味 |
patent
発音

- (Received 発音) IPA(key): /ˈpeɪtənt/, /ˈpæ-/
- (General American) enPR: pătʹənt, pātʹənt, IPA(key): /ˈpætənt/, [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚], /ˈpeɪ-/, [pʰe̞ɪ-]
- 韻: -eɪtənt, -ætənt
- ハイフネーション: pa‧tent
- In the United Kingdom, the pronunciation beginning /peɪ-/ is more common than the one beginning /pæ-/ but some use the former for the senses of “obvious” and “open” and the latter for senses relating to “letters patent” and the noun.[1]
- In the United States, the pronunciation beginning /pæ-/ is the usual one. The pronunciation beginning /peɪ-/ is an alternative in the senses of “obvious” and “open”.[2]
語源 1
The noun is derived from Middle English patent (“document granting an office, property, right, title, etc.; document granting permission, licence; papal indulgence, pardon”) [and other forms],[3] which is either:[4]
- a clipping of lettre patent, lettres patente, lettres patentes [and other forms]; or
- directly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patente (modern French patent), a clipping of Anglo-Norman lettres patentes, Middle French lettres patentes, lettre patente, and Old French patentes lettres (“document granting an office, privilege, right, etc., または making a decree”) (compare Late Latin patens, littera patens, litterae patentes).[1]
For the derivation of Anglo-Norman and Middle French patente (adjective) in lettre patente, see etymology 2 below.
The verb is derived from the noun.[5]
名詞
patent (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 patents)
- (law)
- An official document granting an appointment, privilege, or right, or some property or title; letters patent.
- (specifically)
- (US, historical) A specific grant of ownership of a piece of real property; a land patent.
- (by extension) A product in respect of which a patent (sense 1.2.2) has been obtained.
- (uncountable) Short for patent leather (“a varnished, high-gloss leather typically used for accessories かつ shoes”).
- (figuratively)
- A licence or (formal) permission to do something.
- A characteristic or quality that one possesses; in particular (hyperbolic) as if exclusively; a monopoly.
- (gambling) The combination of seven bets on three selections, offering a return even if only one bet comes in.
派生語
- antipatent
- biopatent
- blocking patent
- land patent
- nonpatent
- pat. pend.
- patentee
- patenter
- patentese
- patentholder
- patentizing (まれに)
- patentless
- patentlike
- patent of precedence
- patentometrics
- patentor
- patent pool
- patent thicket
- patent troll
- patent trolling
- prepatent
- submarine patent
- subpatent (noun)
動詞
patent (三人称単数 現在形 patents, 現在分詞 patenting, 過去形および過去分詞形 patented)
- (transitive, law)
- To (successfully) register (a new invention) with a government agency to obtain the sole privilege of its manufacture, sale, and use for a specified period.
- 2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US Rules Human Genes Can’t be Patented”, in The Guardian Weekly[2], volume 189, number 2, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:
- The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.
- (US, historical) To obtain (over a piece of real property) a specific grant of ownership.
- To (successfully) register (a new invention) with a government agency to obtain the sole privilege of its manufacture, sale, and use for a specified period.
- (transitive, figuratively) To be closely associated or identified with (something); to monopolize.
派生語
- nonpatentability
- nonpatentable
- nonpatented
- patentability
- patentable
- patentably
- patented (adjective)
- patenting (noun)
- repatent
- unpatentability
- unpatentable
- unpatented
語源 2
From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms],[6] from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers または land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).[1]
形容詞
patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)
- Conspicuous; open; unconcealed.
- (baking) Of flour: fine, and consisting mostly of the inner part of the endosperm of the grain from which it is milled.
- (medicine) Open, unobstructed; specifically, especially of the ductus arteriosus or foramen ovale in the heart, having not closed as would have happened in normal development.
- (medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.
- Explicit and obvious.
- Synonyms: express, monosemous, unambiguous; see also Thesaurus:explicit, Thesaurus:obvious
- Those claims are patent nonsense.
- 1916 March, “The Reconciliation of Government with Liberty. By John W[illiam] Burgess, Ph.D., Ju.D., LL.D. Scribner & Sons, New York. 1915. Pp. 410. [book review]”, in The Ecclesiastical Review: A Monthly Publication for the Clergy, volume IV (6th Series; volume LIV overall), number 3, Philadelphia, Pa.: American Ecclesiastical Review; The Dolphin Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 373–374:
- Again we read at page 174: “Instead of the Universal Roman Catholic Church there existed after 1650 the National Catholic Churches of Spain, France, Austria, Poland, etc. more subject to the Royal supremacy than to the Papal, not, however, so completely as in England.” This is obviously an exaggeration. There never existed in the countries mentioned, least of all in Spain, any National Catholic Church. There would not have existed any such contradictorially-named organization even in England had it not been for the lechery of Henry VIII. Other similar misstatements might be noticed here and there. The author's intention, however, to be just is patent and his success in this respect is noteworthy.
- (archaic)
- (botany) Of a branch, leaf, etc.: outspread; also, spreading at right angles to the axis.
- (law) Protected by a legal patent.
- (by extension, figuratively) To which someone has, or seems to have, a claim or an exclusive claim; also, inventive or particularly suited for.
- 1836 March – 1837 October, Charles Dickens, “How Mr. Winkle, when He Stepped Out of the Frying-pan, Walked Gently and Comfortably into the Fire”, in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1837, →OCLC, page 405:
派生語
- Chinese patent medicine
- erectopatent
- patency
- patent fuel
- patent hammer
- patent inside
- patent leather
- patent log
- patently
- patent medicine
- patent outside
- prepatent
- prepatently
- subpatent (adjective)
- subpatently
参照
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “patent, adj.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, December 2020; “patent, adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “patent”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present, reproduced from Stuart Berg Flexner, editor in chief, Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Random House, 1993, →ISBN.
- ^ “patent(e, n.(1)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “patent, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021; “patent, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “patent, v.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, April 2020; “patent, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “patent(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
発音
Weblio例文辞書での「patent」に類似した例文 |
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patent
a patent
a patent fact
a patent fact
a patent fact
the patent law
the patent law
infringe the patent
特許登録簿
obtain a patent for
take out a patent
a patent-ledger
a patent-ledger
a charter
a patentee
a patentee
to grant a patent
patent agency
apply for a patent
the right of possession
to infringe on a patent
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3present
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