privilegeとは

意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English privilege, from Anglo-Norman privilege and Old French privilege, from Latin prīvilēgium (“ordinance または law against または in favor of an individual”), from prīvus (“private”) + lēx, lēg- (“law”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪdʒ/
• ハイフネーション: priv‧i‧lege, privi‧lege

名詞

privilege (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 privileges)

1. (ecclesiastical law, now chiefly historical) An exemption from certain laws granted by the Pope. [from 8th c.]
2. (countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]

   Synonyms: franchise, freelage, immunity, prerogative, right

   All first-year professors here must teach four courses a term, yet you're only teaching one! What entitled you to such a privilege?

3. An especially rare or fortunate opportunity; the good fortune (to do something). [from 14th c.]
   • 2012, The Observer, letter, 29 April:

     I had the privilege to sit near him in the House for a small part of his Commons service and there was an additional device provided to aid his participation in debates.

4. (uncountable) The fact of being privileged; the status or existence of (now especially social または economic) benefit or advantage within a given society. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: advantage, foredeal

   • c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, Melibeus:

     He is worthy to lesen his priuilege that mysvseth the myght and the power that is yeuen hym.

   • 1938, George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia:

     In that community where no one was on the make, where there was a shortage of everything but no privilege and no boot-licking, one got, perhaps, a crude forecast of what the opening stages of Socialism might be like.

   • 2013, The Guardian, 21 Oct, (headline):

     South Africa's 'miracle transition' has not put an end to white privilege.

5. A right or immunity enjoyed by a legislative body or its members. [from 16th c.]

   Synonym: immunity

   • 2001, The Guardian, leader, 1 May:

     Dr Grigori Loutchansky is – according to a congressman speaking under congressional privilege – a "purported Russian mob figure".

6. (countable, US, finance, now まれに) A stock market option. [from 19th c.]
7. (law) A common law doctrine that protects certain communications from being used as evidence in court.

   Your honor, my client is not required to answer that; her response is protected by attorney-client privilege.

8. (computing) An ability to perform an action on the system that can be selectively granted or denied to users.

   Synonym: permission

同意語

• claim, liberty

派生語

• cisprivilege

動詞

privilege (三人称単数 現在形 privileges, 現在分詞 privileging, 過去形および過去分詞形 privileged)

1. (archaic) To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize

   to privilege representatives from arrest

2. (archaic) To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.

関連する語

• allege

参照

• privilege at OneLook Dictionary Search
• privilege in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• privilege in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911