bonusとは意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈbəʊ.nəs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈboʊ.nəs/
• 韻: -əʊnəs

名詞

bonus (複数形 bonuses または bonusses または boni) ("boni" is 一般的ではない用法)

1. Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
2. An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
   • 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

     Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.

   The employee of the week receives a bonus for his excellent work.

3. (video games) An addition to the player's score based on performance, e.g. for time remaining.
   • 1988, David Powell, Rygar (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 25

     Spend the time killing things and there's a bonus for each hit - but only for fatalities notched up since the start of your current life.

4. (basketball) One or more free throws awarded to a team when the opposing team has accumulated enough fouls.

派生語

• Bonusgate
• signing bonus

派生した語

• → Danish: bonus
• → French: bonus
• → German: Bonus
• → Portuguese: bónus
• → Japanese: ボーナス (bōnasu)
• → Turkish: bonus

動詞

bonus (三人称単数 現在形 bonuses または bonusses, 現在分詞 bonusing または bonussing, 過去形および過去分詞形 bonused または bonussed)

1. (transitive) To pay a bonus, premium
   • 1949, Land Values Research Group, Reclamation of an Industrial Suburb:

     In its adherence to a system of rating which bonusses the most anti-social owners and penalises those doing something to improve the district, the municipality must accept a large measure of responsibility.

   • 1964, 翻訳 on USSR Labor, United States Joint Publications Research Service, page 22:

     The main bulk of the piece-workers (71%) are bonussed for fulfillment of the production quotas by the section, shop or plant on condition they fulfill the norms.

   • 1991, Bruce S. Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada’s Capital, 1792-1990, Corporation of the City of Nepean, →ISBN, page 130:

     Extracting grants called bonusses from municipal councils had become a fine art in the hands of railway promoters, and by the 1870s councils were aware that huge municipal debts could be mounted up by bonussing railway lines that as often as not never materialized.

アナグラム

• Bonsu, bo'sun, bosun, bouns

Latin

語源

From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, from Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”). Some relate it to Ancient Greek δέος (déos), whence δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós). Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔnʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔːnus]

形容詞

bonus (feminine bona, neuter bonum, 比較級 melior, 最上級 optimus または optumus, adverb bene); first/second-declension adjective

1. good, honest, brave, noble, kind, pleasant

   Antonym: malus

2. right
3. useful
4. valid
5. healthy
6. quality

語形変化

First/second-declension adjective.

派生語

• bonitās
• cui bonō

関連する語

派生した語

名詞

bonus m (genitive bonī); second declension

1. A good, moral, honest or brave man
2. A gentleman

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

参照

• “bonus”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.
• “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• bonus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius かつ others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• bonus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
    
  • who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party: cui bono?
    
  • moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    
  • to have good lungs: bonis lateribus esse
    
  • to be brave, courageous: bono animo esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
    
  • to be very rich: opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare
    
  • to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis
    
  • disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175)
    
  • the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
    
  • justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
    
  • (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
    
  • (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
    
  • (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
    
  • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to be brave, courageous: bonum animum habere
    
  • (ambiguous) to consider virtue the highest good: summum bonum in virtute ponere
    
  • (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona
    
  • (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
    
  • (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102)
    
  • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    
  • (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)
    
  • (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54)
    
  • (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere
    
  • (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
    

Further reading

• “bonus”, in Charlton T[homas] Lewis; Charles [Lancaster] Short (1879) […] A New Latin Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company; Oxford: Clarendon Press.