cellとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English celle, selle, from 古期英語 cell (attested in inflected forms), from Latin cella (“chamber, small room, compartment”), later reinforced by Old French cel, sele, Old French cele. Doublet of cella; ultimately from Proto-Italic *kelnā, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelneh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”).

名詞

cell (複数形 cells)

1. A single-room dwelling for a hermit. [from 10th c.]
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     So, taking them apart into his cell, / He to that point fit speaches gan to frame […].

   • 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, IV:

     For three days he and his attendants had wandered in the forest without seeing a human form: but on the evening of the third they came to a cell, in which they found a venerable hermit in the agonies of death.

2. (now historical) A small monastery or nunnery dependent on a larger religious establishment. [from 11th c.]
3. A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.]
   • 2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012), page 315:

     A nunʼs bedroom is properly called a cell and is small, bare, and plain, without comfort.

   Gregor Mendel must have spent a good amount of time outside of his cell.

4. A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]

   Synonym: prison cell

   The combatants spent the night in separate cells.

5. Each of the small hexagonal compartments in a honeycomb. [from 14th c.]
6. (biology, now chiefly botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]
   • 1858, Asa Gray, Introduction to Structural and Systematic Botany, fifth edition, p. 282:

     Each of the two cells or lobes of the anther is marked with a lateral line or furrow, running from top to bottom […].

7. (entomology) The discal cell of the wing of a lepidopteran insect.
8. (obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.]
   • 1782–1785, William Cowper, “(please specify the page)”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC:

     How soft the music of those village bells / […] With easy force it opens all the cells / Where mem'ry slept.

   • 1794, Mary Wollstonecraft, An Historical and Moral View of the Origin and Progress of the French Revolution:

     [W]e shall feel still more contempt for the order of men, who cultivated their faculties, only to enable them to consolidate their power, by leading the ignorant astray; making the learning they concentrated in their cells, a more polished instrument of oppression.

   • 1890, Oscar Wilde, chapter XVI, in The Picture of Dorian Gray:

     From cell to cell of his brain crept the one thought; and the wild desire to live, most terrible of all man's appetites, quickened into force each trembling nerve and fibre.

9. A section or compartment of a larger structure. [from 16th c.]
10. (obsolete, chiefly literary) Any small dwelling; a remote nook, a den. [16th–19th c.]
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

      Thou seest but the order and policie of this little Cell [translating caveau] wherein thou art placed […].

    • 1810, Walter Scott, “Canto II. The Island.”, in The Lady of the Lake; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

      Not long shall honour'd Douglas dwell, / Like hunted stag, in mountain-cell […].

11. A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.]

    This MP3 player runs on 2 AAA cells.

12. (biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]
    • 1999 February 15, Paul Brown; Dave King, The Guardian:

      An American company has applied to experiment in Britain on Parkinson's disease sufferers by injecting their brains with cells from pigs.

    • 2011, Terence Allen; Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 3:

      In multicellular organisms, groups of cells form tissues and tissues come together to form organs.

13. (meteorology) A small thunderstorm, caused by convection, that forms ahead of a storm front. [from 20th c.]

    There is a powerful storm cell headed our way.

14. (computing) The minimal unit of a cellular automaton that can change state and has an associated behavior. [from 20th c.]

    The upper right cell always starts with the color green.

15. (card games) In FreeCell-type games, a space where one card can be placed.
16. A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]

    Those three fellows are the local cell of that organization.

    • 2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Salarians: Special Tasks Group Codex entry:

      Salarian intelligence field agents are grouped into an organization called the Special Tasks Group. STG operators work in independent cells, performing dangerous missions such as counter-terrorism, infiltration, reconnaissance, assassination, and sabotage.

17. (communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.]

    Virtual Channel number 5 received 170 cells.

18. (communication) A region of radio reception that is a part of a larger radio network.

    I get good reception in my home because it is near a cell tower.

19. (geometry) A three-dimensional facet of a polytope.
20. (statistics) The unit in a statistical array (a spreadsheet, for example) where a row and a column intersect.
21. (architecture) The space between the ribs of a vaulted roof.
22. (architecture) A cella.
23. (entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.

使用する際の注意点

In the sense of an electrical device, "cell" is the technically correct name for a single unit of battery-type power storage, whereas a battery is a device comprising multiple of them, though it is often used for simple cells.

引用

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:cell.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:cell

派生語

関連する語

• cellar
• cellular
• cellule

動詞

cell (三人称単数 現在形 cells, 現在分詞 celling, 過去形および過去分詞形 celled)

1. (transitive) To place or enclose in a cell.
   • 1586, William Warner, Albion's England:

     Myself a recluse from the world, And celled under ground, Lest that the gould, the precious stones, And pleasures, here be found

語源 2

From cell phone, from cellular phone, from cellular + telephone.

名詞

cell (複数形 cells)

1. (US, informal) A cellular phone.

使用する際の注意点

• Widely used attributively.

Further reading

• cell in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• “cell”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• cell at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Cell in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)