biasとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /ˈbaɪəs/
• 韻: -aɪəs

名詞

bias (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 biases または biasses)

1. (countable, uncountable) Inclination towards something.

   Synonyms: predisposition, partiality, prejudice, preference, predilection

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 4, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], OCLC 153628242, book I, page 12:

     Morality […] give[s] a bias to all their [men's] actions.

   • 1748. David Hume. Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral. London: Oxford University Press, 1973. § 4.

     nature has pointed out a mixed kind of life as most suitable to the human race, and secretly admonished them to allow none of these biasses to draw too much

   • 2020 December 3, Cade Metz; Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Researcher Says She Was Fired Over Paper Highlighting Bias in A.I.”, in The New York Times‎^[1], ISSN 0362-4331:

     Researchers worry that the people who are building artificial intelligence systems may be building their own biases into the technology.

2. (countable, textiles) The diagonal line between warp and weft in a woven fabric.
3. (countable, textiles) A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (such as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference.
4. (electronics) A voltage or current applied to an electronic device, such as a transistor electrode, to move its operating point to a desired part of its transfer function.
5. (statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.
6. (sports) In the games of crown green bowls and lawn bowls: a weight added to one side of a bowl so that as it rolls, it will follow a curved rather than a straight path; the oblique line followed by such a bowl; the lopsided shape or structure of such a bowl. In lawn bowls, the curved course is caused only by the shape of the bowl. The use of weights is prohibited.[from 1560s]
   • 1822, [Walter Scott], Peveril of the Peak. […], volume (please specify |volume=I, II, III, または IV), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., OCLC 2392685:

     there is a concealed bias within the spheroid

7. (South Korean idol fandom) A person's favourite member of a K-pop band.
   • 2015, "Top 10 Tips For Travelling To Korea", UKP Magazine, Winter 2015, page 37:

     The last thing you want is for your camera to die when you finally get that selca with your bias.

   • 2019, Katy Sprinkel, The Big Book of BTS: The Deluxe Unofficial Bangtan Book, unnumbered page:

     Sweet, sensitive, and impossibly sassy, V is many fans' bias, and an integral member of the group.

   • 2019, Joelle Weatherford, "Can't stop the K-Pop train", The Eagle (Northeast Texas Community College), 7 May 2019, page 8:

     One in particular, Minho, really caught my eye. He became what is called my bias or favorite member.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:bias.

派生語

• bias tape
• on the bias

動詞

bias (三人称単数 現在形 biases または biasses, 現在分詞 biasing または biassing, 過去形および過去分詞形 biased または biassed)

1. (transitive) To place bias upon; to influence.

   Our prejudices bias our views.

   • 1963 June, “News and Comment: Le Plan Beeching”, in Modern Railways, page 364:

     No doubt they overlook the L.M.R.'s allegedly faulty financial estimates for the Euston-Liverpool/Manchester scheme, which have biassed the Treasury, and perhaps the open-minded Dr. Beeching, against electrification without renewed examination of projects.

2. (electronics) To give a bias to.
   • 2002, H. Dijkstra, J. Libby, Overview of silicon detectors, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 494, 86–93, p. 87.

     On the ohmic side n⁺ is implanted to provide the ohmic contact to bias the detector.

形容詞

bias (comparative more bias, superlative most bias)

1. Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.

   Synonym: biased

   • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene v]:

     Thou, trumpet, there’s my purſe; / Now cracke thy lungs, and ſplit thy braſen pipe: / Blow, villaine, till thy ſphered Bias cheeke / Out-ſwell the collicke of puft Aquilon: / Come, ſtretch thy cheſt, and let thy eyes ſpout bloud: / Thou bloweſt for Hector.

2. Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.

副詞

bias (not comparable)

1. In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally.

   to cut cloth bias

Further reading

• bias on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• ABIs, AIBs, IABs, IBSA, bais, basi-, isba