prejudiceとは意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From Middle English prejudice, from Old French prejudice, from Latin praeiūdicium (“previous judgment または damage”), from prae- (“before”) + iūdicium (“judgment”).

発音

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/
• ハイフネーション: prej‧u‧dice

名詞

prejudice (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 prejudices)

1. (countable) An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of the facts.
   • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 7, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323:

     Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically an honest man.

2. (countable) Any preconceived opinion or feeling, whether positive or negative.
3. (countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.

   I am free of all prejudices. I hate everyone equally.

4. (obsolete) Knowledge formed in advance; foresight, presaging.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Qveene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for VVilliam Ponsonbie, OCLC 960102938, book II, canto IX:

     […] the first did in the forepart sit, / That nought mote hinder his quicke preiudize: / He had a sharpe foresight, and working wit […]

5. (chiefly obsolete) Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment.
   • 1793, Benjamin Franklin, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin‎^[1], §20:

     We both of us happen’d to know, as well as the Stationer, that Riddlesden the Attorney, was a very Knave. He had half ruin’d Miss Read’s Father by drawing him in to be bound for him. By his Letter it appear’d, there was a secret Scheme on foot to the Prejudice of Hamilton, (Suppos’d to be then coming over with us,) and that Keith was concern’d in it with Riddlesden. [...]

   • 1702, W. Popple (translator), John Locke, A Letter concerning Toleration […]

     for no injury is thereby done to any one, no prejudice to another man's goods

   • 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene i]:

     England and France might, through their amity, / Breed him some prejudice.

   • a. 1662 (date written), Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, London: […] J[ohn] G[rismond,] W[illiam] L[eybourne] and W[illiam] G[odbid], published 1662, OCLC 418859860:

     For Pens, so usefull for Scholars to note the remarkables they read, with an impression easily deleble without prejudice to the Book.

派生語

• (law) with prejudice – precluding subsequent action
• (law) without prejudice – without affecting a legal interest
• in prejudice of – to the detriment or injury of
• to the prejudice of – with resulting harm to
• prejudicious

関連する語

• misprejudiced
• prejudge
• prejudicate

動詞

prejudice (三人称単数 現在形 prejudices, 現在分詞 prejudicing, 過去形および過去分詞形 prejudiced)

1. (transitive) To have a negative impact on (someone's position, chances etc.).
2. (transitive) To cause prejudice in; to bias the mind of.

関連する語

• prejudge
• prejudiced