materialとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (General American) IPA^(key): /məˈtɪɹi.əl/
• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /məˈtɪəɹɪəl/
• ハイフネーション: ma‧te‧ri‧al

形容詞

material (comparative more material, superlative most material)

1. Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.

   This compound has a number of interesting material properties.

   • 1913, Alfred Bowyer Sharpe, Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Evil

     the material elements of the universe

2. Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.

   Don't let material concerns get in the way of living a happy life.

   Antonym: spiritual

3. (law, accounting) Significant.

   You've made several material contributions to this project.

   This is the most material fact in this lawsuit.

   • 1685 March 20, John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 10 March 1685 (Julian calendar)]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […] , volume I, 2nd edition, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1819, OCLC 976971842:

     discourse, which was always material, not trifling

   • 1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], OCLC 153628242, book I, page 3:

     I shall, in the account of simple ideas, set down only such as are most material to our present purpose.

   Antonym: immaterial

同意語

• (related to matter): See also Thesaurus:substantial
• (worldly): mundane
• (significant): See also Thesaurus:pertinent

派生語

名詞

material (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 materials)

2. Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.

   Asphalt, composed of oil and sand, is a widely used material for roads.

   • 1820, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature‎^[1], volume 20, 6th edition, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, page 501:

     In trumpets for assisting the hearing, all reverbation of the trumpet must be avoided. It must be made thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally. For all reverbation lasts for a short time, and produces new sounds which mix with those which are coming in.

   • 2012 March 1, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 128:

     Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise かつ zircon.)

4. Text written for a specific purpose.

   We were a warm-up act at the time; we didn't have enough original material to headline.

6. A sample or specimens for study.
   • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

     With fresh material, taxonomic conclusions are leavened by recognition that the material examined reflects the site it occupied; a herbarium packet gives one only a small fraction of the data desirable for sound conclusions. Herbarium material does not, indeed, allow one to extrapolate safely: what you see is what you get […]

8. Cloth to be made into a garment. Fabric.

   You'll need about a yard of material to make this.

   • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

     Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. There was a great deal of them, lavish both in material and in workmanship.

10. The people collectively who are qualified for a certain position or activity.

    boyfriend material, girlfriend material, wifey material

    John Doe is a great governor, and I also believe he is presidential material.

    He is not the only one. I believe we have lots of presidential material in various public offices.

12. Related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book.
    • 2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18:

      Now we are liberal with our innermost secrets, spraying them into the public ether with a generosity our forebears could not have imagined. Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet.

13. The substance that something is made or composed of.
    • 2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

      As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

14. (chess) All of a player's pieces and pawns on the chessboard.

使用する際の注意点

• Sense 4 ("cloth" または "fabric") rather awkwardly uses material to refer to a holonym (または subgroup, または, in this case, a more specific iteration) of itself. "Fabric" or "cloth" are more specific (または put another way, less vague) choices of word than "material" when referring to a textile.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:material

派生語

関連する語

• matter

参考

• materiel

動詞

material (三人称単数 現在形 materials, 現在分詞 materialling, 過去形および過去分詞形 materialled)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To form from matter; to materialize.
   • 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici

     I believe that the whole frame of a beast doth perish, and is left in the same state after death as before it was materialled unto life.

アナグラム

• Armalite