terとは 意味・読み方・使い方

前置詞

ter

1. (dialectal) Eye dialect spelling of to.
   • 1913, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter 8, in Pollyanna‎^[2], L.C. Page, →OCLC:

     "But he never speaks ter anybody, child—he hain't for years, I guess, except when he just has to, for business, and all that."

   • 1997, J.K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, section IV:

     ‘What about that tea then, eh?’ he said, rubbing his hands together. ‘I’d not say no ter summat stronger if yeh’ve got it, mind.’

副詞

ter (not comparable)

1. (dialectal) Eye dialect spelling of to.

アナグラム

• ERT, ETR, Ret., ert, ret

Latin

語源

From earlier terr, from Old Latin *tris, from Proto-Italic *tris, from Proto-Indo-European *trís.

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ter/, [t̪ɛr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ter/, [t̪ɛr]

副詞

ter (not comparable)

1. thrice, three times
   • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.247–248:

     ‘ter voluī prōmittere opem, ter lingua retenta est:
     īra Iovis magnī causa timōris erat’

     “Thrice I wanted to promise help, thrice [my] tongue was stayed:
     the anger of mighty Jupiter was the reason for [my] fear.”
     (The poetic voice is that of Flora (mythology).)

   • 2004, Ephemeris‎^[3]:

     Olafur Ragnar Grimsson ter iam primarius minister Islandiae electus est.

     Olafur Ragnar Grimsson has been elected as the president of Iceland for a third time.

使用する際の注意点

• Ter is a prefix or suffix designating the third instance of a thing, thus following bis (“second”) and preceding quater (“fourth”).

派生語

• ternī (distributive numeral)
• teruncius

参照

• “ter”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ter”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • hence these tears; there's the rub: hinc illae lacrimae (proverb.) (Ter. And. 1. 1. 99; Cael. 25. 61)
    
  • I'm undone! it's all up with me: perii! actum est de me! (Ter. Ad. 3. 2. 26)
    
  • one thing still makes me hesitate: unus mihi restat scrupulus (Ter. Andr. 5. 4. 37) (cf. too religio, sect. XI. 2)
    
  • to hiss a play: fabulam exigere (Ter. Andr. Pol.)
    
  • these are mere empty phrases: haec verba sunt (Ter. Phorm. 3. 2. 32)
    
  • what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
    
  • to love and make a bosom friend of a person: aliquem in sinu gestare (aliquis est in sinu alicuius) (Ter. Ad. 4. 5. 75)
    
  • monstrous: o facinus indignum! (Ter. Andr. 1. 1. 118)
    

語源

Perhaps ultimately from the nominative masculine singular of contrastive adjectives in Proto-Indo-European *-teros, later used more generally; perhaps extended from the suffix in prepositions like inter, praeter. Cognate with Ancient Greek -τερος (-teros).

発音

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ter/, [t̪ɛr]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ter/, [t̪er]

接尾辞

-ter (comparative -tius, superlative -tissimē)

1. -ly; used to form adverbs from adjectives.

使用する際の注意点

The suffix -ter is usually added to a third-declension adjective or participle stem to form an adverb of manner.

Adjectives with stems ending in -nt(i)- (which end in -ns in the nominative singular) form adverbs in -nter rather than in *-ntiter, such as prudenter (“intelligently, wisely”), from prudēns (“knowing, experienced”). Third-declension adjectives with stems ending in anything else generally form adverbs that end in -iter, such as celeriter (“swiftly, immediately”) from celer (“fast, swift”). The -i- before the -ter can be analyzed either as part of the suffix (dividing the word as celer-iter, where -iter is an allomorph of -ter) or as part of the adjective's stem (dividing the word as celeri-ter, where -i- is the stem-final vowel seen also in some inflected forms like the neuter nominative/accusative 複数形 celeri-a). Alternatively, this -i- can be analyzed as a connecting vowel that comes between the stem and the suffix.^[1][2]

Further examples of regularly formed adverbs:

dissimulanter (“dissemblingly, secretly”), from dissimulāns, present active participle of dissimulō (“dissemble, conceal”)

adverbiāliter (“adverbially”), from adverbiālis (“adverbial”)

fortiter (“strongly, powerfully”), from fortis (“strong, powerful”)

nātūrāliter (“naturally”), from nātūrālis (“natural”)

There are only a few adverbs formed without -i- from adjectives not ending in -ns:

audācter (“boldly, audaciously, fearlessly”), from audāx (“bold, audacious, daring”)

simulter, from similis

faculter, difficulter, indifficulter, from facilis, difficilis

sollerter, sōlerter, from sollers, sōlers

inerter, from iners

The suffix -iter was sometimes added to a second-declension stem, although -ē and -ō were more commonly used in such situations.

Examples:

avāriter (“greedily”), from avārus (“greedy”)

circiter (“round about”), from circus (“circle”)

dūriter (“roughly, harshly”), from dūrus (“rough, harsh”)

同意語

• (-ly): -ē, -er, -ō

派生した語

• Old Occitan: -tre (possibly)

参考

参照

接頭辞

ter-

1. three, threefold

派生語

参照

• Definition of ter - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

アナグラム

• ERT, ETR, Ret., ert, ret