warmとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /wɔːm/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /wɔɹm/
  • 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)m

語源 1

From Middle English warm, werm, from 古期英語 wearm, from Proto-West Germanic *warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz, with different proposed origins:

1. Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”), related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).
2. Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to burn”), related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi) and to Old Church Slavonic варити (variti).

The dispute is due to differing opinions on how initial Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic: some think that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to burn etc. Some have also proposed a merger of the two roots.

形容詞

warm (comparative warmer, superlative warmest)

warm colors

1. Having a temperature slightly higher than usual, but still pleasant; mildly hot.

   The tea is still warm.

   This is a very warm room.

   • 1863, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Herons of Elmwood

     Warm and still is the summer night.

   • 1985, Robert Ferro, Blue Star:

     It seemed I was too excited for sleep, too warm, too young.

2. Caring and friendly, of relations to another person.

   We have a warm friendship.

3. Having a color in the red-orange-yellow part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum.
4. Close, often used in the context of a game in which "warm" and "cold" are used to indicate nearness to the goal.
   • 1876, William Black, Madcap Violet

     Here, indeed, young Mr. Dowse was getting "warm", as children say at blindman's buff.

5. Fresh, of a scent; still able to be traced.
6. (figuratively) Communicating a sense of comfort, ease, or pleasantness

   a warm piano sound

7. (archaic) Ardent, zealous.

   a warm debate, with strong words exchanged

   • 1646 (indicated as 1645)​, John Milton, “Song on May Morning”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], OCLC 606951673:

     Mirth, and youth, and warm desire!

   • 1717, Alexander Pope, Eloisa to Abelard:

     Each warm wish springs mutual from the heart.

   • 1712 September 22, Joseph Addison; Richard Steele, “THURSDAY, September 11, 1712 [Julian calendar]”, in The Spectator, number 481; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, OCLC 191120697:

     They say he's a warm man and does not care to be made mouths at.

   • 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, OCLC 223202227:

     I had been none of the warmest of partisans.

   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 1

     To the strength and fierceness of barbarians they added a contempt for life, which was derived from a warm persuasion of the immortality and transmigration of the soul.

8. (archaic, colloquial) Well off as to property, or in good circumstances; prosperous.
   • 1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I または II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], OCLC 938500648; reprinted London: Elliot Stock, 1885, OCLC 21416084:

     You shall have a draught upon him, payable at sight: and let me tell you he is as warm a man as any within five miles round him.

   • 1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview 2004, p. 258:

     Mrs. and the Miss Cathcarts began to be considered as people of some consequence in the circle in which they moved, while he gradually obtained in the city the name of a warm man.

   • 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], OCLC 864083:

     I know the Stuyvesant family —puff— every one of them —puff— not a more respectable family in the province —puff— old standards —puff— warm householders —puff— none of your upstarts

9. (archaic) Requiring arduous effort.
   • 1929, The Listener (issues 41-50, page 552)

     The circular iron platform over there is used in the task of tyring the wheels, a warm job, too, by the way.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:warm
• See also Thesaurus:affectionate
• See also Thesaurus:difficult

反意語

• (mild temperature): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen
• (caring): Arctic, cold, cool, frozen

派生語

参考

• heated
• hot
• steamy
• temperature
• tepid

語源 2

From 古期英語 werman.

動詞

warm (三人称単数 現在形 warms, 現在分詞 warming, 過去形および過去分詞形 warmed)

1. (transitive) To make or keep warm.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Isaiah 44 44-Chapter-15/# 15::

     Then shall it [an ash tree] be for a man to burn; for he will take thereof and warm himself.

   • 1825, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Morituri Salutamus

     enough to warm, but not enough to burn

2. (intransitive) To become warm, to heat up.

   My socks are warming by the fire.

   The earth soon warms on a clear summer day.

3. (transitive with to) (sometimes in the form warm up) To favour increasingly.
   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess‎^[1]:

     Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

   He is warming to the idea.

   Her classmates are gradually warming to her.

4. (intransitive) To become ardent or animated.

   The speaker warms as he proceeds.

5. (transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.
   • November 20, 1717, Alexander Pope, letter to the Bishop of Rochester

     there was a collection of all that had been written{{..}}: I warmed my head with them.

   • 1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume (please specify |volume=I または II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], OCLC 1029642537:

     Bright hopes, that erst the bosom warmed.

6. (transitive, colloquial) To beat or spank.
   • 1945, The Atlantic (volume 176, page 94)

     Not bothering to turn around and not missing a mouthful, Myrtle comforted her with threats of "I'll warm your bottom"; "I'll turn you over to your dad"; "I'll lock you in the truck"; "I'll send for the bogey man" — all of which Darleen ignored […]

7. (computing, transitive) To prepopulate (a cache) so that its contents are ready for other users.

派生語

• like death warmed over

名詞

warm (複数形 warms)

1. (colloquial) The act of warming, or the state of being warmed; a heating.
   • 1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], OCLC 55746801:

     Sit ye down before the fire , my dear , and have a warm

   Shall I give your coffee a warm in the microwave?