grouseとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

A male spruce grouse (Dendragapus canadensis, syn. Falcipennis canadensis; sense 1) in Acadia National Park, Maine, 米国発音A. A red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica; sense 1) near Amulree in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, 英国発音.

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /ɡɹaʊs/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /ɡræɔs/
• (New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ɡræus/
• 韻: -aʊs

語源 1

Attested in the 1530s, as grows ("moorhen"), a plural used collectively. The origin of the noun is unknown;^[1] the following derivations have been suggested:

• From Old French grue (“crane”) (modern French grue) or Medieval Latin gruta (“crane”), both from Latin grūs (“crane”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely; a crane”).^[2]
• Borrowed from Celtic or a different Medieval Latin word.
• Imitative of the bird’s call.

The verb is derived from the noun.^[3]

名詞

grouse (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 grouse または grouses)

1. (countable) Any of various game birds of the subfamily Tetraoninae which inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere; specifically, the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) native to heather moorland on the British Isles. [from 1530s]

   (red grouse): Synonyms: moorbird, moorcock, moorfowl

   • 1531 January, “XXI. Extracts from a MS. Dated ‘apud Eltham, mense Jan. 22 Hen. VIII.’ Communicated to the Society by Owen Salusbury Brereton, Esq; Read at the Society of Antiquaries, April 9, 1772.”, in Archaeologia: Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, volume III, London: […] Society [of Antiquaries of London]; and by Messieurs Whiston, White, Robson, Baker and Leigh, and Brown, published 1775, →OCLC, page 157:

     Among fowls for the table [of King Henry VIII] are crocards, winders, runners, grows, and peions, but neither Turky or Guiney-fowl.

   • 1633 (first performance)​, Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “A Tale of a Tub. A Comedy […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640, →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 70:

     Looke to 't, young growſe: Ile lay it on, and ſure; / Take 't off who's wull.

     Used as an insult.

2. (uncountable) The flesh or meat of this bird eaten as food.

派生語

動詞

grouse (三人称単数 現在形 grouses, 現在分詞 grousing, 過去形および過去分詞形 groused)

1. (intransitive) To hunt or shoot grouse.

語源 2

The origin of the verb is uncertain; it is possibly borrowed from Norman groucier, from Old French groucier, grousser (“to grumble, murmur”) [and other forms] (whence grutch (“to complain; to murmur”) and grouch). The further etymology is unknown, but it may be derived from Frankish *grōtijan (“to make cry, scold, rebuke”) or of onomatopoeic origin.^[4]

The noun is derived from the verb.^[5]

動詞

grouse (三人称単数 現在形 grouses, 現在分詞 grousing, 過去形および過去分詞形 groused)

1. (intransitive, originally military slang, informal) To complain or grumble. [from late 19th c.]
   • 1890, Kipling, The Young British Soldier

     If you're cast for fatigue by a sergeant unkind,

     Don't grouse like a woman, nor crack on, nor blind;

     Be handy and civil, and then you will find

     That it's beer for the young British soldier.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     Grouse away!" he growled. "If grousin' made a man happy, you'd be the champion."

派生語

• grouser
• grousing (noun)

名詞

grouse (複数形 grouses)

1. (informal) A cause for complaint; a grumble. [from early 20th c.]

語源 3

Uncertain;^[6] possibly from British dialectal groosh (“excellent, very good”) (Lothian (Scotland)),^[7] grosh (northeast Lancashire) and groshy (“having thriving vegetation; juicy かつ tender; of weather: good for vegetation, rainy”) (Lancashire, Yorkshire),^[8] grushie (“having thriving vegetation”) (Scotland);^[9] from Scots groosh (“excellent, very good”) (Lothian, 廃れた用法),^[10] grush (廃れた用法), grushie, grushy (“growing healthily または lushly; excellent, very good”) (both 古風な用法), from gross (“lacking refinement, coarse; fat; large”) + -ie (suffix meaning ‘rather, somewhat’).^[11]

形容詞

grouse (comparative grouser, superlative grousest)

1. (Australia, New Zealand, slang) Excellent. [from 1920s]

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:excellent

   Antonyms: see Thesaurus:bad

   I had a grouse day.    That food was grouse.

   • 1965, Mudrooroo, Wild Cat Falling, HarperCollins 2001, p. 99:

     Real grouse birthday this. First time he's had a party.

   • 1991, Tim Winton, Cloudstreet, Scribner Paperback Fiction 2002, page 182,

     They were the grousest ladies she′d ever met.

   • 1998 July 23, Stujo, “SPOILER FTF - questions”, in aus.tv.x-files, Usenet‎^[1]:

     Not a question but the gag of Mulder pissing on the ID4 poster was grouse.

   • 2003 October 4, Leeroy, “FS Ultralight Aircraft”, in aus.motorcycles, Usenet‎^[2]:

     I know, but I moved from riding bikes to flying and it is a great move. All riders without a fear of heights I know that flew with me thought it was grouse- and there are no coppers or speed limits up there.

参照

Further reading

• grouse on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• -gerous, Rogues, orgues, rogues, rouges, rugose