plumpとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From 中期英語 plump, plompe, a borrowing from Middle Dutch plomp or Middle Low German plump. Cognate with Saterland Frisian plump (“plump”).

形容詞

plump (comparative plumper or more plump, superlative plumpest or most plump)

1. Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.

   Synonym: round

   a plump baby; plump cheeks

   • 1651, Thomas Carew, To my friend G. N. from Wrest:

     The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.

   • 2015, Anton Chekhov, The Life and Genius of Anton Chekhov: Letters, Diary, Reminiscences and Biography: Assorted Collection of Autobiographical Writings of the Renowned Russian Author and Playwright of Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The Seagull, e-artnow, →ISBN:

     My ideal is to be idle and to love a plump girl.

   • 1956, Delano Ames, chapter 23, in Crime out of Mind:

     He was a plump little man and we had been walking uphill at a pace—set by him—far too rapid for his short legs. He breathed stertorously, and half the drops which glimmered on his rotund face were not rain but sweat.

2. Sudden and without reservation; blunt; direct; downright.
   • 1847, editorial staff, “The Yankee Blade”, in Scientific American, series 1, Volume 3, Issue 9, page 66:

     We are averse to plump queries, but we are going to ask our readers a plain, simple question Did you ever see a paper y'clept "The Yankee Blade?"

   • 1898, George Saintsbury, “XXXVII The Dullards That Men Are”, in A Short History of English Literature:

     After the plump statement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.

   • 1925, Stanley John Weyman, Queen's Folly:

     I've said so haven't I? Plump and plain.

3. (wine) Of a wine: giving the sensation of filling the mouth.
   • 1992, The Wine Spectator, volume 17, page 33:

     A plump wine, with an abundance of plum and berry characteristics and soft, round tannins. Easy to drink; ready on release.

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:obese

反意語

• See also Thesaurus:scrawny

派生語

動詞

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (intransitive) To grow plump; to swell out.

   Her cheeks have plumped.

2. (transitive) To make plump; to fill (out) or support; often with up.

   to plump oysters or scallops by placing them in fresh or brackish water

   • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

     to plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles

   • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:

     Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]

3. (intransitive) To give a plumper (kind of vote).
4. (transitive) To give (a vote), as a plumper.
5. (intransitive) To favor or decide in favor of. [with for ‘something’]
   • 2014, “Brazil in a nutshell”, in The Economist:

     A recent poll by the New York Times found that although most Brazilians plump for arch-rival Argentina as the team they most want to lose, the second-biggest group want Brazil itself to stumble.

派生語

語源 2

From 中期英語 plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpsen.

動詞

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (transitive) To cast or let drop (something) all at once, suddenly and heavily.

   to plump a stone into water

2. (intransitive) To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.

   Synonym: slump

   • September 24, 1712, The Spectator No. 492, letter from a prude

     Dulcissa plumps into a chair.

派生語

副詞

plump

1. Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 49, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 253:

     I suppose then, that going plump on a flying whale with your sail set in a foggy squall is the height of a whaleman’s discretion?

名詞

plump (plural plumps)

1. The sound of a sudden heavy fall.
   • 1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

     As she beheld her, poor Mrs. Mack's heart fluttered up to her mouth, and then dropped with a dreadful plump, into the pit of her stomach.

派生語

語源 3

Inherited from 中期英語 plump.

名詞

plump (plural plumps)

1. (obsolete) A knot or cluster; a group; a crowd.

   a plump of trees, fowls, or spears

   • 1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

     To visit islands and the plumps of men.

     The spelling has been modernized.

2. (collective) A group of ducks or geese migrating, or sometimes other groups of birds.
   • 2022, Martin Kornberger, Strategies for Distributed and Collective Action: Connecting the Dots‎, Oxford University Press, page 100:

     What Descartes called res cogitans is not a defined res but a network, a swarm, a cloud, much like a plump of geese flying south or ants foraging around their woodlands.

   • 2020, Jaime Fernandez, The Fascinating World of Aviation‎, Page Publishing:

     A great example of professionalism in aviation: on the afternoon of January 15, 2009, in the middle of wintertime, a big plump of geese were flying south, getting off of the strong cold weather.

   • 1893, Henry David Thoreau, Walden, Or, Life in the Woods‎, Houghton Miffler, page 483:

     A "plump" of ducks rose at the same time and took the route to the north in the wake of their noisier cousins

   • 1831, John George Wood, The Illustrated Natural History: Birds. 1864‎, Routledge, Warne and Routledge, page 80:

     On this account, the Kestrel is often seen in the winter months hovering near the farmyards, in hopes of making a successful dash among a plump of sparrows as they congregate over some fresh straw, or settle among the fowls for the purpose of picking up the grain which was intended for the poultry.

参照

• “plump”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.