halfとは

意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• 'arf, ha'f

語源

From Middle English half, halfe from 古期英語 healf (“half”); as a noun, 'half', 'side', 'part', from Proto-Germanic *halbaz; akin to Old Saxon, Old Frisian, and Dutch half, West Frisian heal, German halb, Swedish, Danish and Norwegian halv, Icelandic hálfur and Gothic ���������� (halbs). Compare halve, behalf.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /hɑːf/

韻: -ɑːf

• (General Australian, General New Zealand, Scotland) IPA^(key): /hɐːf/
• (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): /hæf/

  韻: -æf

  • (Ireland, Wales) IPA^(key): /haf/, /häf/

形容詞

half (not comparable)

1. Consisting of a half (½, 50%).

   a half kilo

   a half hour

   a half dollar

   a half view

2. Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect.

   a half dream

   half knowledge

   a half truth

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], OCLC 2024748, (please specify the page number, または |part=prologue, I to VII, または conclusion):

     Assumed from thence a half-consent.

3. (of a sibling) Having one parent (rather than two) in common.

   A half brother or half sister

4. (まれに, of a relative other than a sibling) Related through one common grandparent or ancestor rather than two.

   A half uncle or half aunt or half cousin

使用する際の注意点

• (consisting of a moiety, または half): The adjective and noun are often united to form a compound.

同意語

• (consisting of a moiety, または half): hemi-, semi-, demi-

派生語

See also those listed at Category:English words prefixed with half-.

派生した語

• → Fiji Hindi: haafaa
• → Hawaiian: hapa
  • → English: hapa
• → Japanese: ハーフ (hāfu)
  • → English: hafu
• → Maori: hāwhe
• → Pitjantjatjara: aapa

副詞

half (not comparable)

1. In two equal parts or to an equal degree.
2. In some part approximating a half.
3. Partially; imperfectly.

   half-colored

   half done

   half persuaded

   half conscious

   He does sometimes half wish to change his life, but it is too difficult.

   • c. 1690, John Dryden, Don Sebastian, King of Portugal

     Half loth and half consenting.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Nehemiah 13:24:

     Their children spoke half in the speech of Ashdod.

派生語

名詞

half (複数形 halves)

1. One of two usually roughly equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided.

   I ate the slightly smaller half of the apple.

   You don't know the half of it.

   Of the passengers on the plane, half were English.

   The cake was delicious: half was vanilla and half was chocolate.

   • 1634 October 9 (first performance)​, [John Milton], H[enry] Lawes, editor, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: Printed [by Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, OCLC 228715864; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, OCLC 1113942837:

     Not half his riches known, and yet despised.

   • ?, Alfred Tennyson, The Gardener's Daughter; or, The Pictures

     A friendship so complete Portion'd in halves between us

   1. (sports) One of the two opposite parts of the playing field of various sports, in which each starts the game.
   • 2011 September 16, Ben Dirs, “Rugby World Cup 2011: New Zealand 83-7 Japan”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     However, the hosts hit back and hit back hard, first replacement hooker Andrew Hore sliding over, then Williams careering out of his own half and leaving several defenders for dead before flipping the ball to Nonu to finish off a scintillating move.

2. Half of a standard measure; frequently used (Britain) for half a pint of beer or cider.
   • 1968 (Britain), John Braine, The Crying Game, Houghton Mifflin, page 11,

     He came back with a pint of Guinness for me and a half of bitter for Wendy.

   • 1974 (Britain), James Herriot, All Things Bright and Beautiful, St. Martin's Press, →ISBN,

     I accepted a half of bitter from him.

   • 2006 (Britain), Bill Appleton, Wide Boy, Pegasus Elliot Mackenzie, →ISBN, page 168,

     I went to the bar where I bought a pint and two large brandies. ... "Not brandy," she replied, "but I could use a long drink - maybe a half of lager."

3. (preceded by “a” または a number) The fraction obtained by dividing 1 by 2.

   Three-quarters minus a quarter is a half.

4. (obsolete) Part; side; behalf.

   (Can we find かつ add a quotation of Wyclif to this entry?)

   • 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], OCLC 230972125; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, OCLC 932884868:

     The four halves of the house

5. Any of the three terms at Eton College, for Michaelmas, Lent, and summer.
6. (slang) A half sibling.
   • 2016, Robert M. Herzog, A World Between:

     So for Richard and Barbara, Jeff and Kari, the impossibly varied collection of steps and halves that is another legacy of my father.

7. (Britain, archaic) A child ticket.

同意語

• (fraction obtained by dividing 1 by 2): ½

派生語

動詞

half (三人称単数 現在形 halves, 現在分詞 halving, 過去形および過去分詞形 halved)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To halve.

同意語

• dimidiate; see also Thesaurus:bisect

前置詞

half

1. (Britain, Ireland) A half-hour after, thirty minutes after (used with the number of the hour).

   half one ― half past one, 1:30

間投詞

half

1. (theater) A call reminding performers that the performance will begin in thirty minutes.

参照

• half in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

接頭辞

half-

1. half or partial; not complete
2. Used before brother, sister, uncle, aunt, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is related only through one parent, grandparent, and so forth, rather than two.

派生語

参考

• quarter- (prefix for a fourth part)