quarterとは

意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈk(w)ɔːtə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.tɚ/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ˈkoː.tɘ/
• 韻: -ɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)

語源 1

Via French quartier, from Latin quartarius, from quartus. Compare Spanish cuarto (“room, quarters; quarter”). Doublet of quartier.

名詞

quarter (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 quarters)

A US quarter, 25 cent coin.

1. A fourth part of something.
   1. (in general sense) Each of four equal parts into which something can be divided; a fourth part. [from 14th c.]

      A quarter of an hour.

   2. (now chiefly historical) A measure of capacity used chiefly for grain or coal, varying greatly in quantity by time and location. [from 13th c.]
      • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, volume 4, page 204:

        One of these is 1 Hen. V, cap. 10, defining the quarter of corn to be eight struck bushels, and putting fines on purveyors who take more.

   3. A fourth part of a pound; approximately 113 grams. [from 14th c.]
   4. (historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]
   5. (now historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]
      • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark 6:48

        And aboute the fourth quartre of the nyght, he cam unto them, walkinge apon the see [...].

   6. (now chiefly financial) A fourth part of the year; 3 months; a term or season. [from 14th c.]
   7. A fourth part of an hour; a period of fifteen minutes, especially with reference to the quarter before or after the hour. [from 15th c.]
   8. (now chiefly historical) A fourth part of a hundredweight. [from 15th c.]
   9. (heraldry) A fourth part of a coat of arms, or the charge on it, larger than a canton and normally on the upper dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side. [from 15th c.]
   10. (Canada, 米国用法) A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada. [from 18th c.]
   11. (sports) One of four equal periods into which a game is divided. [from 19th c.]
2. Place or position.
   1. A region or place. [from 13th c.]
      • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost:

        I am to haste, / And all who under me thir Banners wave, / Homeward with flying march where we possess / The Quarters of the North […] .

   2. Each of four parts into which the earth or sky is divided, corresponding to the four cardinal points of the compass. [from 14th c.]
   3. A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]
   4. One's residence or dwelling-place; (in 複数形) rooms, lodgings, especially as allocated to soldiers or domestic staff. [from 16th c.]
   5. (obsolete) Relations between people. [17th c.]
      • c. 1603–1604, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act 2, scene 3]:

        In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom.

      • 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Cunning

        I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, […] and yet kept good quarter between themselves.

   6. Accommodation given to a defeated opponent; mercy; exemption from being killed. [from 17th c.]
      • 1955, J.R.R. Tolkien, The Return of the King, page 1110:

        Hard fighting and long labour they had still; for the Southrons were bold men and grim, and fierce in despair, and the Easterlings were strong and war-hardened and asked for no quarter.

3. Technical or specialized senses.
   1. (farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin. [from 16th c.]
      • 1877, Anna Sewell, chapter 23, in Black Beauty‎^[1]:

        […] at last she kicked right over the carriage pole and fell down, after giving me a severe blow on my near quarter.

   2. (nautical) The aftmost part of a vessel's side, roughly from the last mast to the stern. [from 16th c.]
      • 1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 80:

        I was one morning walking the deck, when Rogers, whose watch it was, sitting upon the quarter, called to me in his usual style, ‘Come here, Bill.’

      • 1863, Charles Reade, Hard Cash‎^[2]:

        “My men, the schooner coming up on our weather quarter is a Portuguese pirate.”

4. Short forms.
   1. (now まれに, rugby, 米国用法 football) A quarterback. [from 19th c.]
   2. (military slang, now まれに) A quartermaster; a quartermaster sergeant. [from 20th c.]
      • 1925, Ford Madox Ford, “Parade's End”, in No More Parades, Penguin, published 2012, page 360:

        Tietjens said: ‘Send the Canadian sergeant-major to me at the double….’ to the quarter.

   3. A quarterfinal. [from 20th c.]

同意語

• (one of four equal parts): fourth, fourth part, ¼
• (period of three consecutive months): trimester, cour
• (section of a town): district; ward; neighborhood; ghetto (pejorative); borough (New York City); capitoulate (Toulouse, historical)

派生語

関連する語

• quart

形容詞

quarter (not comparable)

1. Pertaining to an aspect of a quarter.
2. (chiefly) Consisting of a fourth part, a quarter (¹⁄₄, 25%).

   a quarter hour; a quarter century; a quarter note; a quarter pound

3. (chiefly) Related to a three-month term, a quarter of a year.

   A quarter day is one terminating a quarter of the year.

   A quarter session is one held quarterly at the end of a quarter.

反意語

• quadruple

使用する際の注意点

Often used in a combining form quarter-.

派生語

動詞

quarter (三人称単数 現在形 quarters, 現在分詞 quartering, 過去形および過去分詞形 quartered)

1. (transitive) To divide into quarters; to divide by four.
2. (transitive) To provide housing for military personnel or other equipment.

   Quarter the horses in the third stable.

3. (intransitive) To lodge; to have a temporary residence.
4. (transitive) To quartersaw.
   • 1758, Thomas Hale, A Compleat Body Of Husbandry, page 333:

     But there is, as in other woods, a great deal of difference between this and the quartered timber.

同意語

• (to have a temporary residence): stay over, stop; See also Thesaurus:sojourn

反意語

• quadruple (multiply by four)

参考

• draw and quarter

参照

Adjective

• "quarter" at Merriam-Webster
• "quarter" in Harrap's Shorter, 2006, p. 761

語源 2

Borrowed from French cartayer.

動詞

quarter (三人称単数 現在形 quarters, 現在分詞 quartering, 過去形および過去分詞形 quartered)

1. (obsolete) To drive a carriage so as to prevent the wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the wheels.
   • 1821, Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater

     Every creature that met us would rely upon us for quartering

派生語

参考

• half- (prefix for a half part)