vampとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音, General American) IPA^(key): /væmp/
• 韻: -æmp

語源 1

From Middle English vaumpe, vaum-pei, vampe (“covering for the foot, perhaps a slipper または understocking; upper of a boot または shoe”), or from Anglo-Norman vampe, *vaumpé (“part of a stocking covering the top of the foot”), from Old French avantpied, avantpiet, variants of avantpié,^[1] from avant (“in front”) + pié (“foot”).^[2]

Noun senses 2 and 3 (“a patch; something patched up または improvised”) appear to have been extended from sense 1 (“top part of a boot または shoe”). Sense 4 (“repeated かつ often improvised musical accompaniment”) was probably derived from sense 3, and sense 5 (“activity to fill または stall for time”) from sense 4.

The verb senses were derived from the noun.^[3] Compare also Middle English vaum-peien (“(uncertain) to repair (footwear) with a new upper or vamp; to fabricate an upper or vamp”).^[4]

名詞

vamp (複数形 vamps)

1. The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking. [from c. 1225]
   • 1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter XX, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], OCLC 847456482, pages 279–280:

     The flow of water was in my ears, and in my eyes a hazy spreading, and upon my brain a closure, as a cobbler sews a vamp up.

   • 1883 March​, Thomas Hardy, “The Three Strangers”, in Wessex Tales: Strange, Lively, and Commonplace […], volume I, London; New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published 1888, OCLC 911789333, page 24:

     'Yes, I am rather cracked in the vamp,' he said freely, seeing that the eyes of the shepherd's wife fell upon his boots, 'and I am not well fitted either. I have had rough times lately, and have been forced to pick up what I can get in the way of wearing, but I must find a suit better fit for working days when I reach home.'

   • 1976, Chaim Grade; Curt Leviant, transl., The Yeshiva, Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, →ISBN, page 164:

     Their dark brown shoes had hand-stitched vamps.

3. Something added to give an old thing a new appearance.

   Synonym: patch

4. Something patched up, pieced together, improvised, or refurbished.
5. (music) A repeated and often improvised accompaniment, usually consisting of one or two measures, often a single chord or simple chord progression, repeated as necessary, for example, to accommodate dialogue or to anticipate the entrance of a soloist. [from c. 1789]
   • 2005, Steve Swayne, “Pulling It Apart”, in How Sondheim Found His Sound, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, page 116:

     I would go even further and say that, once [Stephen] Sondheim had ceased to compose classical music with its nonspecific accompaniments, he began to explore how effectively a vamp can flesh out a character for the stage. He had little need to write distinctive vamps for his Williams [College] shows, but already in 1954—before the highly characteristic vamps in West Side Story—we see him growing in his ability to get under a character's skin through his accompaniment.

   • 2012, Simon Reynolds, “’Ardcore, You Know the Score”, in Energy Flash: A Journey through Rave Music and Dance Culture, Berkeley, Calif.: Soft Skull Press, →ISBN, page 119:

     On the mega-rave circuit, a pop hardcore sound gradually emerged, fusing the piano vamps and shrieking divas of 1989-era Italo house with Belgian hardcore's monster-riffs and Shut Up and Dance style breakbeats and rumblin' bass.

6. (by extension) An activity or speech intended to fill or stall for time.

動詞

vamp (三人称単数 現在形 vamps, 現在分詞 vamping, 過去形および過去分詞形 vamped)

2. (transitive) To patch, repair, or refurbish.
   • 1860, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay IX. Illusions.”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, OCLC 773234300, page 284:

     'Set me some great task, ye gods! and I will show my spirit.' 'Not so,' says the good Heaven; 'plod and plough, vamp your old coats and hats, weave a shoestring; great affairs and the best wine by and by.'

3. (transitive) Often as vamp up: to fabricate or put together (something) from existing material, or by adding new material to something existing.
   • 1711, Jonathan Swift, An Excellent New Song

     He has vamp'd an old speech, and the court to their sorrow, / Shall hear him harangue against Prior to morrow.

   • 1838 March – 1839 October, Charles Dickens, “Being for the Benefit of Mr. Vincent Crummles, and Positively His Last Appearance on the Stage”, in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1839, OCLC 1057107260, page 478:

     For instance, you take the uncompleted books of living authors, fresh from their hands, wet from the press, cut, hack, and carve them to the powers and capacities of your actors, and the capability of your theatres, finish unfinished works, hastily and crudely vamp up ideas not yet worked out by their original projector, but which have doubtless cost him many thoughtful days and sleepless nights; […]

   • 1911 May 20, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Flying Stars”, in The Innocence of Father Brown, London; New York, N.Y.: Cassell and Company, published 1911, OCLC 2716904, page 112:

     With real though rude art, the harlequin danced slowly backwards out of the door into the garden, which was full of moonlight and stillness. The vamped dress of silver paper and paste, which had been too glaring in the footlights, looked more and more magical and silvery as it danced away under a brilliant moon.

4. (transitive) To cobble together, to extemporize, to improvise.
   • 1728, [Alexander Pope], “Book the First”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin; London: […] A. Dodd, OCLC 1033416756, page 13:

     A paſt, vamp'd, future, old, reviv'd, new piece, / 'Twixt Plautus, Fletcher, Congreve, and Corneille, / Can make a C――r, Jo――n, or O――ll.

   • a. 1746, Jonathan Swift; Samuel Johnson, “A Vindication of the Libel: Or, A New Ballad, Written by a Shoe-boy, on an Attorney who was Formerly a Shoe-boy”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volume XLIV (Containing Swift かつ Broome), London: Printed by T. Spilsbury and Son; for J[ames] Buckland, […], published 1790, OCLC 4254798, page 76:

     Two pence he had gotten by begging, that 's all; / One bought him a bruſh, and one a black ball; / […] / Thus vamp'd and accoutred, with clouts, ball, and bruſh, / He gallantly ventur'd his fortune to puſh; […]

   • 1844, [Charles MacFarlane], “Lord Hereward Goes to Get His Own”, in The Camp of Refuge. In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Charles Knight & Co., Ludgate Street, OCLC 558168449, page 120:

     [S]ome men, nay, even some monks and brothers of this very house, are so envious of my state and foes to my peace of mind, that whenever they see me more happy and fuller of hope than common, they vamp me up some story or conjure some spectrum to disquiet me and sadden me!

   1. (transitive, intransitive, music, specifically) To perform a vamp (“a repeated, often improvised accompaniment, for example, under dialogue または while waiting for a soloist to be ready”).
      • 1880, [George] Bernard Shaw, chapter I, in The Irrational Knot [...] Being the Second Novel of His Nonage, London: Archibald Constable & Co., published 1905, OCLC 1050472693, page 14:

        "It is so unkind to joke about it," said the beautiful young lady. "What shall I do? If somebody will vamp an accompaniment, I can get on very well without any music. But if I try to play for myself I shall break down."

      • 1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 4, in The Subtle Minotaur, London: John Gifford […], OCLC 7313814, OL 12152304W, page 52:

        The band played ceaselessly. Even when the other instruments were resting the pianist kept up his monotonous vamping, with a dreary furbelow for embellishment here and there, to which some few of the dancers continued to shuffle round the floor.

      • 1994, Donald Clarke, “The War Years”, in Wishing on the Moon: The Life and Times of Billie Holiday, New York, N.Y.: Viking, →ISBN; republished as Billie Holiday: Wishing on the Moon, Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2002, →ISBN, page 206:

        [W]hen she [Billie Holiday] finally emerged from her dressing room, she would take her time getting to the stage, stopping and greeting people and even having drinks at the bar while her accompanists vamped.

5. (transitive, shoemaking) To attach a vamp (to footwear).
   • 1899, [Charles B. Hatfield], “Cloth Quarters and Welt Shoes”, in Designing, Cutting and Grading Boot and Shoe Patterns: And Complete Manual for the Stitching Room. […], Boston, Mass.: Press of Superintendent and Foreman, OCLC 1016302564, page 56:

     The shoe is now ready to be vamped after the eyelets are put in.

6. (transitive, intransitive, now dialectal) To travel by foot; to walk.
   • 1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter I, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], OCLC 13623666, phase the first (The Maiden), page 12:

     Well, vamp on to Marlott, will 'ee, and order that carriage, and maybe I'll drive round and inspect the club.

7. (intransitive) To delay or stall for time, as for an audience.

   Keep vamping! Something’s wrong with the mic!

   She went out there to vamp since the speaker was late arriving.

派生語

• new-vamp, revamp
• vamp up
• vamper

語源 2

Clipping of vampire.^[5] From a character type developed first for silent film, notably for Theda Bara's role in the 1915 film A Fool There Was.

The verb is derived from the noun.^[6]

名詞

vamp (複数形 vamps)

2. A flirtatious, seductive woman, especially one who exploits men by using their sexual desire for her. [from c. 1915]

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:vamp

   • 1919 June, Renee Van Dyke, Geo[rge] M. Downs, Jr., editor, Interesting Paragraphs about the Players, volume 2, number 8, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Downs Publishing Company, OCLC 8018241, page 59, column 3:

     It is the vamp who has a sense of humor that can really hold a man. She laughs at him, even as she is seeking to allure him—and he adores it.

   • 1922, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “The Connoisseur of Kisses”, in The Beautiful and Damned, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, OCLC 916056193, book 1, page 95:

     She was got up to the best of her ability as a siren, more popularly a "vamp"—a picker up and thrower away of men, an unscrupulous and fundamentally unmoved toyer with affections.

   • 1927 September, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesteron, “The Actor and the Alibi”, in The Secret of Father Brown, London; Toronto, Ont.: Cassell and Company, OCLC 968450825, page 148:

     "Lady Miriam?" said Jarvis in surprise. "Oh, yes. … I suppose you mean that she looks a queer sort of vamp. But you've no notion what even the ladies of the best families are looking like nowadays. […]"

   • 1936, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Vampire of the Village”, in The Penguin Complete Father Brown, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London: Penguin Books, published 1985, OCLC 53434239, page 707:

     Well, her seclusion is considered suspicious. She annoys them by being good-looking and even what is called good style. And all the young men are warned against her as a vamp.

   • 2021 January 2, Katie Hind, “Grease is 'racist, rapey, homophobic and slut-shaming' and should never be shown on TV again, say woke snowflakes”, in The Daily Mail:

     […] strait-laced Sandy, played by Olivia Newton-John, transformed herself into a vamp to bag the man of her dreams

3. (informal) A vampire.
   • 1992, Robert Marrero, Dracula: The Vampire Legend on Film, 1st American edition, Key West, Fla.: Fantasma Books, →ISBN, page 20, column 2:

     The leader of the vampire cult (played by Ramon D'Salva) leads his cult of fellow vamps in an attack against some nasty werewolves.

派生語

• vampish

動詞

vamp (三人称単数 現在形 vamps, 現在分詞 vamping, 過去形および過去分詞形 vamped)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To seduce or exploit someone.
   • 1926 November, Gilbert Seldes, “Exit the Poor Actor!: Out at Elbow No Longer, Our Players To-day are among America’s Most Prosperous Citizens”, in Arthur Hornblow, editor, Theatre Magazine, volume XLIV, number 308, New York, N.Y.: Theatre Magazine Company, OCLC 560320332, page 58, column 4:

     We want a musical-comedy star to vamp a Senator or a member of the Cabinet; we want the protective tariff revised up or down because of an actress' whim; we want scarlet scandal in high life. And we are not likely to get them.

   • 1936, G[ilbert] K[eith] Chesterton, “The Vampire of the Village”, in The Penguin Complete Father Brown, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, London: Penguin Books, published 1985, OCLC 53434239, page 707:

     "People who lose all their charity generally lose all their logic," remarked Father Brown. "It's rather ridiculous to complain that she keeps to herself; and then accuse her of vamping the whole male population."

   • 1990 October, Jonathan Kellerman, chapter 27, in Time Bomb, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 321:

     She smiled again. Batted her lashes and laid down a few more mascara tracks. Vamping in order to maintain composure.

   • 2021 May 4, Ruth La Ferla, “On That Bombshell Billie Eilish Cover for British Vogue”, in The New York Times‎^[1], ISSN 0362-4331:

     She vamps this month on the cover of British Vogue, a portrait of artfully crafted provocation.

2. (fiction, transitive) To turn into a vampire.
   • 2004, David Sosnowski, Vamped: A Novel, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 277:

     If I knew what I know now before I got vamped, I'd do the same thing.

   • 2012, Justine Larbalestier; Sarah Rees Brennan, Team Human, Harper Collins, →ISBN:

     Astonishing how few peasants and regular people got vamped back in the olden days, when it wasn't regulated.

   • 2017, Keith R. A. DeCandido, Blackout, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

     Nobody ever got the drop on Shades, not even when he was alive, and certainly not in the fifty years since he got vamped.

語源 3

Uncertain;^[7] possibly related to vamp (etymology 1, above): see the 2008 quotation.

名詞

vamp (複数形 vamps)

1. (US, slang) A volunteer firefighter.
   • 1892, “Companies of the Seventh District”, in Our Firemen: The Official History of the Brooklyn Fire Department, from the First Volunteer to the Latest Appointee. Compiled from the Records of the Department, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.: [Brooklyn Fire Department], OCLC 6052102, page 371:

     John Mackin is one of the old-timers of the new Department. He was a volunteer fireman as well, […] John Mackin was among the number of "old vamps" who made application to the first Board of Fire Commissioners for appointment in the Paid Department.

   • 2000, “History of the Atlanta Fire Department”, in History of Service: Atlanta Fire Department Commemorative Yearbook, Paducah, Ky.: Turner Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 25, column 1:

     The vamps had to carry their equipment to the fire on foot!

   • 2008, John Delin, “The Vamps, Syosset’s Bravest”, in Syosset People and Places (Images of America), Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 88:

     Volunteer firemen are called vamps because they often went to fires on foot, vamp being an old English word for "walk." Syosset's first vamps responded quickly to fires and formed bucket brigades to extinguish them.

参照

Further reading

• vamp (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.