crowとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /kɹəʊ/
• (米国発音) enPR: krō, IPA^(key): /kɹoʊ/
• 韻: -əʊ

語源 1

From Middle English crowe, from 古期英語 crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ (compare West Frisian krie, Dutch kraai, German Krähe), from *krēaną (“to crow”). See below.

名詞

crow (複数形 crows)

1. A bird, usually black, of the genus Corvus, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles; it has a harsh, croaking call.
   • 1922, E.R. Eddison, The Worm Ouroborus:

     Gaslark in his splendour on the golden stairs saying adieu to those three captains and their matchless armament foredoomed to dogs and crows on Salapanta Hills.

2. Any of various dark-coloured nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euploea.
3. A bar of iron with a beak, crook or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.

   Synonym: crowbar

   • 1796, Matthew Lewis, The Monk, Folio Society, published 1985, page 267:

     He approached the humble tomb in which Antonia reposed. He had provided himself with an iron crow and a pick-axe: but this precaution was unnecessary.

   • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, Olympia Press:

     Watt might have broken the door down, with an axe, or a crow, or a small charge of explosive, but this might have aroused Erskine's suspicions, and Watt did not want that.

4. (historical) A gangplank (corvus) used by the Ancient Roman navy to board enemy ships.
5. (among butchers) The mesentery of an animal.
6. (derogatory) An ill-tempered and obstinate woman, or one who otherwise has features resembling the bird; a harpy.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shrew

   • 1899, George Horton, A Fair Brigand‎^[1], H.S. Stone, page 242:

     But it helps a man along to have a wife he can be proud of. Suppose you marry some old crow. People point at her and ask, 'Who is that death's head yonder?'

   • 1970, Paul J. Smith, Woody Woodpecker: "Seal on the Loose", spoken by Woody Woodpecker (Grace Stafford), 0:13 from the start:

     (Mrs. Meany to Woody, from a window) "I don't care! I'm not running a pet shop."
     "Well it looks like one with an old crow in the window!"

7. (ethnic slur, offensive, slang) A black person.
8. (military, slang) The emblem of an eagle, a sign of military rank.
   • 2002, Ed Goodrich, Riggers that Dive, page 46:

     A young petty officer that must have just received his “crow” (a single chevron, with an eagle over it) was showing off to several seamen.

   • 2003, Jonathan T. Malay, Seraphim Sky, page 106:

     The young man had been threatened with loss of his third class rank, his “crow,” the eagle in a petty officer's sleeve insignia.

派生語

関連する語

• croweater
• crowfoot
• eat crow

参考

• caw
• murder of crows (“flock of crows”)
• raven

Further reading

• Corvus (boarding device) on Wikipedia.

語源 2

The verb is from Middle English crowen, from 古期英語 crāwan (past tense crēow, 過去分詞 crāwen), from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).^[1]

The noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.^[2][3]

Compare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.

動詞

crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (英国用法) crew, past participle crowed or (古風な用法) crown)

1. (intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shake-speare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (First Quarto), London: […] [Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and Iohn Trundell, published 1603, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

     Yet once me thought it [the ghost of Hamlet's father] was about to ſpeake, / And lifted vp his head to motion, / Like as he would ſpeake, but euen the / The morning cocke crew lowd, and in all haſte / It ſhrunke in haſte away, and vaniſhed / Our ſight.

   • 1784, The House that Jack Built, page 8:

     This is the Cock that crowed in the Morn[.]

   • 1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part II”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 37:

     'You are that Psyche' Cyril said again / 'The mother of the sweetest little maid, / That ever crow'd for kisses.'

   • 1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 87:

   • 1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter III, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC, page 48:

     Hearing the miner's footsteps, the baby would put up his arms and crow.

   • 1962, Bob Dylan (lyrics かつ music), “Don’t Think Twice, It’s All Right”, in The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan:

     When your rooster crows at the break o' dawn / Look out your window and I'll be gone.

2. (intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.

   He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.

   • 2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler‎^[2]:

     Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.

3. (intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it.

使用する際の注意点

The past tense crew in modern usage is confined to literary and metaphorical uses, usually with reference to the story of Peter in Luke 22.60. The past participle crown is similarly poetical.

派生語

• crow over

名詞

crow (複数形 crows)

1. The cry of the bird known in the US as a rooster and in British English as a cockerel.

   Synonym: cock-a-doodle-doo

参照

Further reading

• crow on Wikipedia.

アナグラム

• Worc