rookとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

• From Middle English rok, roke, from 古期英語 hrōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōk, from Proto-Germanic *hrōkaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian кро́кон (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek κόραξ (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ագռաւ (agṙaw), Avestan ������������������‎ (kahrkatat̰, “rooster”), Sanskrit कृकर (kṛkara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian крук (kruk, “raven”).
• (parson): Probably from the resemblance in plumage to a parson's garments.

名詞

rook (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 rooks)

1. A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family.
   • 1768, Thomas Pennant, British Zoology, 168:

     But what distinguishes the rook from the crow is the bill; the nostrils, chin, and sides of that and the mouth being in old birds white and bared of feathers, by often thrusting the bill into the ground in search of the erucæ of the Dor-beetle*; the rook then, instead of being proscribed, should be treated as the farmer's friend; as it clears his ground from caterpillars, that do incredible damage by eating the roots of the corn.

2. A cheat or swindler; someone who betrays.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:deceiver, Thesaurus:fraudster

   • 7 April 1705, William Wycherley, Letter to Alexander Pope in The Works of Alexander Pope 36:

     So I am (like an old rook, who is ruined by gaming) forced to live on the good fortune of the pushing young men, whose fancies are so vigorous that they ensure their success in their adventures with Muses, by their strength and imagination.

3. A bad deal; a rip-off.
4. (Britain) A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name.
5. (uncountable) A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards.
   • 2007, Malcolm Bull and Keith Lockhart, Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream, 174:

     Adventists still do not really know how to play cards, apart from the sanitized version of bridge, Rook.

6. (slang, archaic) A parson.

派生語

• rookery

参考

• squab

動詞

rook (三人称単数 現在形 rooks, 現在分詞 rooking, 過去形および過去分詞形 rooked)

1. (transitive) To cheat or swindle.
   • 1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, p. 311:

     Some had spent a week in Jersey before coming to Guernsey; and, from what Paddy had heard, they really do know how to rook the visitors over there.

同意語

• (cheat): cheat, con, do, dupe, have, swindle, trick

下位語

• (cheat): Greek (at cards)

語源 2

From Middle English rook, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian رخ‎ (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”). Compare roc.

名詞

rook (複数形 rooks)

1. (chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.
2. (rare) A castle or other fortification.

同意語

• (chesspiece): castle
• (castle): castle, fortress

参考

• ♖, ♜

Chess pieces in English · chess pieces, chessmen (see also: chess) (layout · text)
king	queen	rook, castle	bishop	knight	pawn

語源 3

From rookie.

名詞

rook (複数形 rooks)

1. (baseball, slang) A rookie.

語源 4

From Middle English roke, rock, rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”), from Old Norse *rauk, related to Icelandic rok, roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”), Middle Dutch rooc, rok, Modern Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”).

名詞

rook (uncountable)

1. mist; fog; roke

動詞

rook (三人称単数 現在形 rooks, 現在分詞 rooking, 過去形および過去分詞形 rooked)

1. (obsolete) To squat; to ruck.
   • c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi]:

     The raven rook'd her on the chimney's top

動詞

rook (三人称単数 現在形 rooks, 現在分詞 rooking, 過去形および過去分詞形 rooked)

1. Pronunciation spelling of look. (mimicking Asian speech)

参照

アナグラム

• Koro, Kroo, Orok, koro, kroo, roko