chipとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源 1

From Middle English chip, chippe, from 古期英語 ċipp (“chip; small piece of wood”), from 古期英語 *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in 古期英語 forċippian (“to cut off”) –, from Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to cut; carve; hack; chop”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeyb- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Related to Dutch kip, keep (“notch; nick; score”), Dutch kippen (“to hatch”), German Low German kippen (“to cut; clip; trim; shorten”), German kipfen (“to chop off the tip; snip”), Old Swedish kippa (“to chop”). Compare also chop.

The formally similar 古期英語 ċipp, ċypp, ċyp (“a beam; log; stock; post”), from Proto-Germanic *kippaz (“log; beam”), whence Old Saxon kip (“post”), Old High German kipfa, chipfa (“axle, stave”) and Old Norse keppr (“cudgel, club”), ultimately from Latin cippus (“stake; pale; post”), is a different, unrelated word.

名詞

chip (複数形 chips)

1. A small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material.
   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chapter 3:

     The universe is finished; the copestone is on, and the chips were carted off a million years ago.

2. A damaged area of a surface where a small piece has been broken off.

   This cup has a chip in it.

3. (games, gambling) A token used in place of cash.
   • 2002, Albert H. Moorehead, Hoyle′s Rules of Games‎^{[chips%22+-inauthor:%22chip]}, page 46:

     If the second player does raise three chips, and all the other players drop, the player who opened may stay in by putting three more chips in the pot, for then he will have put in precisely as many chips as the second player.

4. (slang, dated) A sovereign (the coin).
5. (electronics) A circuit fabricated in one piece on a small, thin substrate.
   • 1986 September 1, Tom Moran, Lisa L. Spiegelman, New Chip Said to Contain Seven PC AT Chip Functions, InfoWorld, page 5,

     But sources close to the company said the chip contains two direct memory access controllers, two interrupt controllers, a timer, a memory mapper from Texas Instruments, and a Motorola Inc. real-time clock.

6. (electronics) A hybrid device mounted in a substrate, containing electronic circuitry and miniaturised mechanical, chemical and/or biochemical devices.
   • 2002, Koji Ikuta, Atsushi Takahashi, Kota Ikeda, Shoji Maruo, User-Assembly Fully Integrated Micro Chemical Laboratory Using Biochemical IC Chips for Wearable/Implantable Applications, Yoshinobu Baba, Shuichi Shoji, Albert van den Berg (editors), Micro Total Analysis Systems 2002: Proceedings of the μTAS 2002 Symposium, Volume 1, page 38,

     Fig. 4(a) shows a schematic design of the micropump chip.

   • 2007, Elisabeth S. Papazoglou; Aravind Parthasarathy, Bionanotechnology‎^{[chips%22%20-inauthor%3A%22chip]}, page 6:

     Fig. 0.3 is an image of the front and back views of a drug delivery microchip made of silicon and painted with gold, with a U.S. dime (10 cents). The chip in the picture consists of 34 nano-sized wells each of which is capable of housing 24 nl (nano liters) of drug. It is possible to make at least 400 wells or even 1000 or more in these chips which are very inexpensive, costing less tham $20 [22, 23].

7. (UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, archaic in Canada, especially in the plural) A fried strip of potato of square or rectangular cross-section; a french fry.

   Do you want sauce or mayonnaise on your chips?

8. (US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, especially in the plural) A thin, crisp, fried slice of potato, or sometimes another vegetable; a crisp.

   they made their own potato chips from scratch, he ate a tortilla chip, served with a side of apple chips

9. (sports) A shot during which the ball travels more predominantly upwards than in a regular shot, as to clear an obstacle.
   • 2011 September 28, Tom Rostance, “Arsenal 2 - 1 Olympiakos”, in BBC Sport‎^[1]:

     Oxlade-Chamberlain saw his attempted chip well blocked by goalkeeper Costanzo at the start of the second half.

10. (curling) A takeout that hits a rock at an angle.
11. A dried piece of dung, often used as fuel.
12. (New Zealand, northern) A receptacle, usually for strawberries or other fruit.
13. (cooking) A small, near-conical piece of food added in baking.

    chocolate chip

14. A small rectangle of colour printed on coated paper for colour selection and matching. A virtual equivalent in software applications.
15. (nautical) The triangular piece of wood attached to the log line.
16. (historical) Wood or Cuban palm leaf split into slips, or straw plaited in a special manner, for making hats or bonnets.
17. (archaic, derogatory) Anything dried up, withered, or without flavour.
18. (golf) A low shot that travels further along the ground than it does in the air.

使用する際の注意点

In New Zealand and Australia, where the term chip(s) can refer to either french fried potatoes or deep-fried potato slices, the dishes are distinguished as "hot chips" (french fried potatoes) or, in New Zealand, "cold chips" (deep-fried potato slices) when clarity is needed.

同意語

• (small piece broken off): flake
• (circuit): IC, integrated circuit, microchip, silicon chip
• (deep-fried または baked slice of vegetable): crisp (英国用法, Ireland)
• (deep-fried small column of potato): fry (mainly North America), French fries (mainly North America)
• (a receptacle for strawberries): punnet (英国用法, New Zealand, Australia), pottle (New Zealand, southern)

派生語

派生した語

• → Catalan: xip
• → Greek: τσιπ (tsip)
• → Italian: chip
• → Korean: 칩 (chip)
• → Hebrew: צִ'יפּ‎
• → Hebrew: צִ'יפְּסְ‎
• → Turkish: cips, çip

参考

• French fries
• fries
• potato wedge
• woodchip

語源 2

From Middle English chippen, from 古期英語 *ċippian (“to cut; hew”) – attested in 古期英語 forċippian (“to cut off”) –, from Proto-Germanic *kipp- (“to cut; carve; hack; chop”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵey- (“to split; divide; germinate; sprout”). Related to Dutch kippen (“to hatch”), German Low German kippen (“to cut; clip; trim; shorten”), German kipfen (“to chop off the tip; snip”), Old Swedish kippa (“to chop”). Compare also chop.

動詞

chip (三人称単数 現在形 chips, 現在分詞 chipping, 過去形および過去分詞形 chipped)

1. (transitive) To chop or cut into small pieces.

   The workers chipped the dead branches into mulch.

   • 2015 February 7, Val Bourne, “The quiet man of the world of snowdrops”, in The Daily Telegraph (London), page G8:

     Once it [a snowdrop variety] became established, some bulbs were lifted and passed on to be chipped (i.e. cut into small pieces かつ grown on).

2. (transitive) To break small pieces from.

   Be careful not to chip the paint.

3. (transitive, sports) To play a shot hitting the ball predominantly upwards rather than forwards. In association football specifically, when the shot is a shot on goal, the opposing goalkeeper may be the direct object of the verb, rather than the ball.
   • 2014 October 18, Paul Doyle, “Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter”, in The Guardian:

     Koeman identified Southampton’s third as their finest goal of the game. Jack Cork, the most underrated player at a much-lauded club, swept the ball out wide to Tadic, who waited for Cork to run to the back post before chipping the ball across to him to slam in a deserved goal from close range, despite an attempted block by Vito Mannone.

   • 2016 March 13, Andy Edwards, “VIDEO: San Jose’s Quincy Amarikwa chips, goes upper-90 from 35 yards out”, in NBCSports.com:

     Typically when someone scores a stunning goal this early in the season — it’s only Week 2 — it gets forgotten, or at the very least lost in the shuffle after eight more months of worthy GOTY candidates. Not this year, though, because no one is forgetting Amarikwa chipping Adam Kwarasey from 35 yards out and burying the ball in the top corner.

4. (transitive, automotive) to upgrade an engine management system, usually to increase power.
5. (intransitive) To become chipped.

   This varnish chips easily.

6. (intransitive, card games, often with "in") To ante (up).
7. (transitive, informal) To fit (an animal) with a microchip.
8. (UK, transitive, often with "in") to contribute.

   Everyone needs to chip in £1 for George's leaving collection

9. (also, to chip at) To make fun of.
   • 1923, George Bernard Shaw, Saint Joan:

     They chip me about giving that young judy the cross; but I dont care: I stand up to them proper, and tell them that if she hadnt a better right to it than they, she'd be where they are.

   • 1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

     That sounded a trivial message, but the man began to cry. 'That's her', he sobbed. 'She was always chipping me about my collars'.

派生語

参考

• chip chip cheerio (probably not etymologically related)